The gentry, also known as the Chinese Rana, is an amphibious frog family, mainly distributed in the northeastern region. Gentlemen can be used as a medicine in the body and have a high medicinal value.
The frog is a frog with a 7-9 cm long figure. The male body is about 5 cm long. The head is flat, the mouth is wide, and the nostrils are round. The body is generally brown and earthy gray. There are yellow and red spots on the tympanic membrane. There is a dark blue kerchief with a red spot on the abdomen, with the back pleated over the tympanic membrane, and the male has a pair of internal cysts under the pharyngeal side.
1 Living habits The gentry is an amphibious animal. In summer, it lives in a forest that is far from rivers and ponds. In winter, they hibernate in potential tree holes or rock caves and are more resistant to cold. Every year before and after Ching Ming, he wakes up, and by the end of September, he completely lives on the land. He likes to dwell in the shady slopes where the sun is weak and moist. Each year, the pair is mated, spawning 1500-2000 eggs, egg diameter 1.5-2 mm, and hatched in 1 to 2 weeks. It takes about one month to become a young frog, a fully metamorphosed frog, and lives in the undergrowth or grasses on a cloudy and wet hillside farther away from the waters. The main food is insects.
2 Artificial breeding
2.1 The free-range cultivation method is to establish a artificial hatching pool in the environment suitable for the growth of the gentry, or in areas where the gentry's oysters are more prevalent, and to raise the breeding rate through artificial breeding. After the frog grows, it can be allowed to prey in any place. It is only when the winter is over in winter to prepare a suitable wintering environment for the gentry to induce them to concentrate in a certain area for winter, and at this time, they are appropriately captured according to the quantity.
2.2 Controlling the culture method is to control the frogs in a certain range of farms for artificial breeding. This is a common method for the current breeding of the gentius scales. A fence must be built around the flock. An artificial pool should be built on the site. It should be divided into a hatching pool, a dike pond and a wintering pond, and a certain area of ​​feeding activities should be opened. Feed must be artificially fed. During the cultivation process, the following points should be noted:
2.2.1 Select the seed to observe the quality of the eggs. From 1 to 5 months, select the round frog eggs for stocking and hatching.
2.2.2 Temperature During the incubation and growth process, water temperature is an important factor, generally kept at 10 °C ~ 15 °C, the temperature is too low, incubation and growth rate is slow; sudden changes in temperature, can cause the death of apes. At the same time, we must also ensure that there is a certain amount of oxygen in the water. We need to open the inlet and outlet ports in the hatchery and change the water slowly and frequently.
2.2.3 Food Preservation Gentlemen have different foods during different growth periods. The quail that has just hatched for about 1 week is fed with plankton in the water. Therefore, appropriate amount of cow dung and horse dung can be put into the pond to fully reproduce plankton. In particular, cow dung can be used directly as food for clams. . A little bigger oysters can be added to bean curd, bean cake, green algae and spinach. The food is chopped and chopped before feeding. The food is fed once a day in the morning and in the afternoon. The amount of food to be eaten is based on the number of quails and their intake. In order to ensure the supply of food for adult gentlemen, it is also necessary to carry out work such as keeping insects and attracting insects. Generally, more trees can be planted in the frog farm, insect-bearing plants and flowers can be planted, and the insect trap lamp can be used to attract insects as the natural feed for the gentry maggots. Fermented bran and oysters can also be used.
2.2.4 Management In the process of becoming a baby frog, the morphological structure changes drastically. At this time, their physique is weak and they are vulnerable to changes in water temperature and die. After landing, we should create a good living environment for young frogs. In the hatchery pool, we need to use more kinds of plants or cover it with straw. In the summer morning we should use a watering can to sprinkle water around the pool to prevent the frogs from dying.
2.3 The frog farm requires the gentry to have a strong ability to climb and wear holes. Normally the objects on the upright plane can be climbed by the young frog. As long as the head can drill through the holes, the whole body can pass. Therefore, in order to create an appropriate living environment, the wall must be smooth and hollow, and should be tilted inwards, with a height of 1.5 to 2 meters to prevent the frogs from fleeing.
3 Breeding technology
3.1 Breeding grounds
3.1.1 Site selection The breeding ground is the place where the gentry breed spawning, hatching, and cricket growth. The breeding ground should be located within the entire farm range, preferably in a central location. The specific address should be chosen on the river bank where the terrain is flat. The breeding grounds should not be scattered in a centralized manner and require a large area. It is necessary to be able to freely irrigate rivers and waters, and the soil should be made of clay that has strong water retention properties and is not susceptible to water leakage.
3.1.2 Construction of breeding grounds The breeding ground consists of several different types of ponds, including four pools of spawning ponds, hatching ponds, breeding ponds and metamorphosis ponds. The first three ponds are to be built together. The abnormal pool should be built near the field. 1 The spawning pool is designed for gentleman spawning. The area of ​​each spawning pond is preferably 20 to 30 square meters, the water depth is 50 centimeters, and the pond is rectangular (other shapes are also available). 2 Hatching pools are specially designed for hatching of frog eggs, and it is advisable to maintain the upper water temperature of the middle or downstream of the breeding ground. The tank type of the hatchery is 4 meters and 6 meters long and the water depth is about 50 centimeters. The pool water should be calm and the water flow should be slow, which will help increase the water temperature. 3 The rearing pond is a pond for rearing alfalfa, with an area of ​​20 square meters. The maximum is 40 square meters, the depth is 30-40 centimeters, and the deepest is not more than 50 centimeters. The pool should be provided with a water outlet and a water outlet. The two outlets should be open on the same side of the pool so that the water flows along the edge of one side of the pool, keeping most of the pool water steady. In the middle or one side of the pool, build a safety pit about 30 centimeters deep and about 50 centimeters in diameter. It is pot bottom or semi-circular. The pit is covered with plastic film and a thin layer of soil is pressed to prevent floating. Wash away. The safety pit is mainly to prevent the water tank from being cut off. When the water supply is interrupted, it is automatically concentrated in the safety pit. Avoid death due to lack of water. 4 A metamorphosis pool is a pond that is stocked and enters metamorphosis. Its total area is about half of the total area of ​​the rearing pond. This pond should be built near the summer gentleman's grazing farm. The pond type and area of ​​the abnormal pool can be built according to the specifications of the rearing pond.
3.2 Breeding
3.2.1 Method of egg harvesting At the beginning of April each year (before and after Ching Ming), the gentleman's cockroaches rushed out of the water to the lower reaches of the river on rainy nights where temperatures were high, and they laid eggs on the shore. It is appropriate to catch frogs at this time. When the gentleman's water flows through the water outlet, it falls into the previously-prepared "squirrel cage." The frogs will be placed in the spawning quail. The basal pedicel is 60 cm in diameter, 50 pairs of quail are placed in the pool water, and the produced eggs are removed and placed in the pool water. At the same time, the eggs will be laid. The frog is released and the male frog is put back into the cocoon so that it will continue to hold the female frog. The eggs of the gentleman's quail are in vitro fertilized. After the cuddling, the female frog spawns and the male frogs platoon in the same shallow water. The sperm and the incubator are combined in water to form a fertilized egg.
3.2.2 Hatching and fertilization Hatching in water is hatching. At a water temperature of 16°C to 18°C, a week or so, black cockroaches can be hatched, and clumps are attached to aquatic plants, dead branches and stone edges. On cold nights, the pool surface is covered with a plastic film to prevent freezing of the frozen eggs. In the first 3 to 4 days, the quail only absorbs nutrients from its own yolk sac and cannot be eaten from outside. Later, use tiny creatures in the water to make food. The management and feeding methods during the growth and development of earthworms are the same as the control culture methods. The frog grows and develops for two to three years. The genital organs are mature and mature. They begin to mate and spawn. They can be caught after the third year.
Author: Jingyu County Bureau of Animal Husbandry, Jilin Province
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