Bacterial blight is a globally distributed soil fungal disease. It has a strong rot in the soil and is an important root disease in many crops. In addition to strawberries, it also harms more than 160 cultivated plants and wild plants such as cotton, soybeans and vegetables. . Strawberry mainly damage buds, sprouts, stipules and petiole base, causing the seedling stage litter, adult stems and leaves corruption, root rot and rotten fruit.
First, the symptoms
The pathogen of strawberry bud blight is Rhizoctonia spp. of the semi-known fungus, and the sexual stage is basidiomycotina, and genus Membrane.
The plant's base begins to grow in parts of the ground near the ground, matte brown spots, gradually sag, and grows beige to light brown spider mycelium, sometimes able to affix several leaves together, invading the petiole base and stipules, The diseased part of the erect and erect leaves turned wilted. The damage before flowering causes the inflorescence to lose its vitality and gradually fade, and it appears to be collapsed when it is acutely affected. The buds and sprouts gradually become sluggish after being infected, and are blueish or stumbling, and later turn dark brown and die. The base of the stem and the roots are damaged by the cortex, and the dry ground is easy to pull up. From young fruit, green fruit to ripe fruit can be infringed upon, the surface of the diseased diseased part appears dark brown with irregular patches, stiffness, and finally the whole fruit dry rot. When the temperature is high, the above mycelium can be grown. The colored berry is onset and the diseased part becomes brown. The outer part often has a wide brownish leucorrhea, the red part turns a little red, and the color contrast is intense and bright, causing wet rot or dry rot. , but not long gray mold, is the difference with the gray mold fruit rot.
Second, the incidence of the law
The pathogenic bacteria of strawberry bud blight are Rhizoctonia nucleus of the semi-known phylum Subgenus. The mycelium or sclerotia is overwintering in the soil with the diseased body, and it mainly spreads with diseased seedlings and diseased soil. In open field cultivation, the incidence of spring is the main period. The suitable temperature for the disease is 22-25°C, and it is easy to develop under the condition of hypertrophy and water. The high temperature of the protection site, poor ventilation, high humidity, and excessive planting can easily lead to the spread of disease.
Third, control methods
1. Try to avoid raising seedlings and planting strawberries in the areas where blight occurs. Otherwise, solar energy must be used for soil disinfection.
2, appropriate sparse, reasonable irrigation, ensure ventilation, reduce environmental humidity.
3, protective ventilation should be timely ventilation, rapid ventilation after irrigation, reduce indoor humidity.
4, timely removal of diseased plants, the use of diseased plants is strictly prohibited as a mother plant breeding strawberry seedlings.
5, pharmaceutical control. Suitable agents include 10% polymycin wettable powder 500-1000 times, 10% standing dry water suspension 300 times, and enemy bacteria water solvent 600 times, starting from budding stage, spraying about 7 days 1 time, a total of 2-3 times. Under greenhouse or greenhouse cultivation conditions, use 5% chlorothalonil dust agent 110-180 grams per acre, place 5-6 points, ignite the evening, close the shed overnight, smoke once a day for 7 days, even smoked 2-3 times.
For the treatment of diseases of the Digestive System:
Many symptoms can signal problems with the GI tract, including: abdominal pain, blood in the stool, bloating, constipation, diarrhea, heartburn, incontinence, nausea and vomiting and difficulty swallowing, according to the NIH.
Among the most widely known diseases of the digestive system is colon cancer. According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), 51,783 Americans died from colon cancer in 2011 (the most recent year for available data). Excluding skin cancers, colon and rectal cancer, or colorectal cancer, is the third most common cancer diagnosed in both men and women in the United States, according to the American Cancer Society.
Polyp growth and irregular cells, which may or may not be cancerous, are the most common development paths for colorectal cancers (also referred to as CRC), and can be detected during a routine colonoscopy, according to Dr. John Marks, a gastroenterologist affiliated with the Main Line Health health care system.
[The best news is that, if caught early enough, they can also be removed during the colonoscopy - eliminating the possibility that they grow further and become cancer," Marks said.
For those patients whose cancer has already spread, there are various minimally invasive surgical options that have extremely good prognoses. It is recommended that asymptomatic patients without a family history begin getting tested regularly between the ages 45 and 50, according to Marks. [Symptoms which may suggest that you need a colonoscopy at an earlier age include rectal bleeding and stool/bowel habit changes which last for more than a few days."
While CRC gets a great deal of attention, many diseases and conditions of the digestive system - including irritable bowel syndrome, diverticulitis, GERD (acid reflux) and Crohn`s disease - can be chronic and are difficult to diagnose and treat, according to Dr. Larry Good, a gastroenterologist affiliated with South Nassau Communities Hospital. [With many of these diseases, blood work and colonoscopies all looks normal, so there is an absence of red flags."
Many of the diseases of the digestive system are tied to the foods we eat, and a number of sufferers can reduce their symptoms by restricting their diets, Good said. [Of course no one wants to hear that they can`t eat certain foods, but many times, eliminating acidic things from the diet, such as tomatoes, onions, and red wine, can have an impact," Good said.
There are a number of tests to detect digestive tract ailments. A colonoscopy is the examination of the inside of the colon using a long, flexible, fiber-optic viewing instrument called a colonoscope, according the American Gastroenterological Association. Other testing procedures include upper GI endoscopy, capsule endoscopy, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic ultrasound.
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