I. Biological characteristics (1) The formation of Rexarte, a native of Rex rabbits, has a short history of cultivation. In 1919, a rancher in Shanduan, France, found a young rabbit with a short hairy coat in a grey rabbit. A few months later, the rabbit's cotton-like coat fell off and exposed a very beautiful millet-brown linter. At the same time, another identical young rabbit emerged in another litter. This is the ancestor of Rex Rabbit. Later, a priest in Cologne, France bought the mutant rabbits for breeding, and named the rabbit as Castocinol. In 1924, this kind of CASTULEX breeder rabbit was exhibited for the first time at the International Rabbit Exposition in Paris. It caused a sensation in the international rabbit breeding community. Later, the beaver-colored hare rabbit spread to all parts of the world and cultivated many color rabbits. At present, there are 28 color rabbits in the United Kingdom and 14 in the United States. In 1957, China introduced the excellent rabbit breeding from the former Soviet Union. At that time, it was only white and brown. From 1979 to 1981, a total of 10 color rabbits were imported from the United States and New Zealand. Over the past few years has grown to 22 provinces and cities across the country. In 1988, Ping also introduced purebred rex rabbits from the United States. The number of animals raised in the country is gradually increasing.
(B) the status of taxation Rex rabbits are mammals, no-forms, exempt subjects, hare species of domesticated species, for the skin and rabbits. Rex rabbits were once classified as rodents and later referred to as rabbit-shaped heads. Because its fur is similar to the otters, it resembles the pheasant and is not a hybrid of the otters and rabbits.
(C) Morphological characteristics Rex rabbits are covered with short, dense, soft, light silky hair, little or no hair, sometimes a beautiful natural ripples, strong fur. The touch film has a soft feeling, strong heat preservation, and it is not easy to fall off. Must be fine and curly. There are several color types, such as black, white, brown, sky blue, gray and red.
Rex rabbits are smaller than those of ordinary rabbits, and have obvious meaty fleas under their cheeks. Female rabbits are more developed than males. Body shape, muscle fullness, urogenital holes on both sides of each a camp opening, secretion with Sao smelly liquid, tail short. The female rabbit has 4 to 5 pairs of nipples on the abdomen, and the first pair of nipples is on the chest. The rabbit has short forelimbs, five toes on each foot, long hind legs, four toes on each foot, and hard toes. Blunt claws, the color of the claws is consistent with the coat.
(D) living habits 1 timid rabbits. Most afraid of frightening rabbits against the enemy's ability is very weak, in the long-term natural environment conditions, in order to prevent foreign enemies, rabbit ears become longer, audible, often hear the sound of ears, in order to escape the enemy. Under the condition of domestication, the original ancestors left this habit has not yet been changed. Once you hear the loud noise and meet strangers and strange animals, it will cause panic and panic to the rabbit. Sometimes it will slap on the ground with your hind legs, sometimes Caused loss of appetite, miscarriage, refusal to breastfeed, and even ate puppies. The mother who is giving birth will be excused, and she will be distressed or die of childbirth.
2 Rex rabbits are afraid of moisture, fear of high temperature Rex rabbits rely mainly on the expansion of the microscopic blood vessels on the surface of the ear and underdeveloped sweat glands and lungs to breathe heat, water dispersion in the body is more difficult, poor body temperature regulation, resulting in fear of wet rabbits, afraid of high temperatures. When the summer temperature reaches 35°C, the respiratory rate increases dramatically, causing the whole body to be in a state of tension. If it is not released in time, it will incur heat stroke or heart failure and die. Even if it does not die, it will cause indigestion and appetite. Libido and fertility decreased significantly.
3 Rex rabbits have more developed sense of smell Female rabbits can use the olfactory sense to identify their own pups. Once they discover that they are not born puppies, they immediately die or die. When ingesting, the rabbit always first smells whether the feed is fresh, has no offensive odor, has no poisonous grass, etc., and then ingests the feed.
4 Although the group of rabbits with poor herding habits has herd habits, it is common for adult rabbits to raise their ages regardless of whether they are male or female and whether they are the same sex rabbits. Therefore, adult rex rabbits are not suitable for group rearing and their social groups are poor.
5 Rabbits have rodent behavior Rex rabbits have incisors. Teeth before and after tooth, no dog teeth. Rex rabbit incisors, due to the growth of dental pulp for a lifetime, the incisors are often growing, and therefore there are continuous grinding teeth during feeding. If you often give grams of soft food, exempt from naturally biting wooden boxes and other things. The first is to maintain a proper incisor length. The factory grinds the incisors into sharp chisels to cut off the forage.
6 Excrement characteristics Rabbits sometimes have habits of eating their own feces and have chewing action. Lactating puppies also sometimes have the habit of eating female rabbit feces. Before this habit was discovered in 1982, it was mistaken for rabbits to be ruminants. Free fecal behavior is a normal physiological phenomenon. However, since the discovery of this habit, many scholars have conducted a lot of research on rabbit fecal behavior. Until now, the mystery mechanism of rabbit fecal characteristics is not yet clear.
Second, feeding and management The purpose of breeding rabbits is to provide more rex rabbit skin and other products, the more the number of products, the greater the economic benefits, so that must make the rabbit grow fast, good cortex. In order to achieve this goal, it is necessary to provide adequate nutrition according to the nutritional needs of rabbits and ensure the supply of high-quality feed.
(1) Feed fodder is the material basis for the life activities of Rex rabbits, such as proteins, fats required for metabolism, growth and development, and reproduction. Nutrients such as carbohydrates, minerals, and vitamins must be removed from the feed. Rex rabbits are herbivores and have a wide range of feed sources. How to use and use various quality feeds is a very important issue. Currently foreign rabbit breeding industry has widely used pellet feed to obtain good feeding effect. Most of the rabbit-raising industry in China still stays in mixed littermates and minerals, especially with abundant calcium. Rabbits like to eat green fodder with grass, cabbage, cabbage, peanut soup, sweet potato soup, radish leaves and various bean leaves. Green fodder should be kept fresh and clean before feeding. Grass with dirt or dew should be washed and dried before feeding.
Green feed: Includes all kinds of tubers, such as carrots, white radishes, sweet potatoes, potatoes, and various melons. This kind of feed food is rich in starch and sugar, easy to digest and absorb, containing more potassium and phosphorus. Carrots contain a lot of carotene, and they have better feeding effects on pregnant female rabbits and puppies. The root-based feed can be fed after being cut into slices. The potatoes are best fed. Roots with black spot or other diseases cannot feed rabbits.
Roughage: including wheat hulls, rice husks, bean hulls, and various crops such as vines and hay. This type of feed has more crude fiber and is not easily digestible, but it can be indigested by the proper ratio (10 to 20%) in the feed.
Concentrate: This type of feed includes cereals such as oats, wheat, corn, and beans, as well as processing by-products such as wheat bran, bean dregs, fine bran, and bean cake. This kind of feed is rich in protein, carbohydrates and minerals.
Mineral feed: Most of the mineral elements are already contained in the feed, mainly supplemented with salt and bone meal.
Animal feed: including fishmeal, meat powder, etc., rich in animal protein, fat and minerals, in the amount of incorporation in the feed, the rabbit's growth and development, reproduction, etc. have a good effect.
(2) Feeding In order to obtain high-quality rex rabbit skin, it is necessary not only to have good exempted species, feed and cages, but also to conduct scientific and rational feeding in order to achieve good growth effects, otherwise it will lead to degradation of the variety and decline in fur quality. Rabbit breeding must meet the physiological requirements and objective laws at different stages of its growth and development, and it is the scientific method. Therefore, there are different characteristics for different sex, age and different seasons. China has not been keeping rabbits for a long time. It lacks mature experience and there is no uniform feed standard. Therefore, in practice, we must constantly explore and summarize our own laws.
Feeding puppies: The rabbits from birth to weaning are puppies. The feeding of puppies is mainly based on female rabbits, but during lactation, it is necessary to increase the amount of lactation in the female rabbit to prevent milk shortage. Tawny rabbits should be fed at the age of 20 days and given a small amount of fresh and easily digestible grass and leaves. The feed should be cut and gradually increased. It is advisable to feed them in small amounts and feed 5 to 6 times a day. Feeding the rabbit should be separated from the female rabbit. The feed should be clean and fresh during this period. It should be based on easily digestible protein concentrates and high-quality forage grasses.
Feeding young rabbits: Young rabbits from weaned to 3 months old. At the stage of young rabbits, its digestive function is still not perfect and it cannot digest large amounts of feed, especially cellulose-rich feeds. Therefore, young and fresh green fodder should be given and the species should be diversified. The concentrate should be crushed and supplemented with mineral feed. Prohibit the feeding of rotten spoilage feed to avoid causing diarrhea.
Medium-free feeding: rabbits aged from 3 months to 6 months and weighing more than 1.75 kg are rabbits. In the mid-rabbit stage, the functions of various parts of the body have been improved. 0.5 to 1 kg of green material per day, supplemented with 50 grams of concentrate material, require protein at 15 to 16%, crude fiber at 12 to 14%, pay attention to supplement mineral feed to ensure the needs of growth and development.
Feeds for male rabbits: The purpose of raising male rabbits is to increase the fecundity of breeding stocks, and the ability of mating fetuses is determined by the quality of semen. The quality of the semen obtained from the public directly affects the abortion, litter size, and offspring survival of female rabbits. Rate and so on. However, the quality of semen is closely related to nutrition. Therefore, male rabbit feed has a high level of nutrition, especially protein, vitamins, and mineral supplements. Adult male rabbits need 60 to 80 grams of concentrate each day during the breeding period, of which protein feeds account for 15%, and green and white feed Not more than 500 grams per day, and barley can be fed in winter. During the breeding season, animal feed should be added.
Breeding female rabbits: The purpose of raising female rabbits is to provide a large number of good quality puppies. To develop Rex rabbit aquaculture production, it is necessary to constantly improve the growth performance of female rabbits and explore potential breeding capabilities. According to the different physiological stages of female rabbits, such as pregnancy, breast-feeding, empty arms, etc., scientific and rational feeding. In females, during the lactation period, due to the large amount of nutrients consumed during breast-feeding, the body is relatively thin, and it is necessary to make normal estrus, ovulation, and conception. The female rabbits should be quickly restored to puberty and normal estrus should be promoted. But you can't get too much fat, otherwise it's easy to be sterile. Therefore, it is mainly based on green materials and less concentrates. In order to promote estrus, barley malt with a length of about 1 cm can be fed, because the barley malt contains more vitamin E, which is favorable for aphrodisiac. Feed it twice a week for 15 to 20 grams each time. Pregnant female rabbits do not need to add a lot of nutrients at the beginning to maintain the pre-pregnancy nutrition. From the 15th day of gestation to childbirth, due to the rapid development of the fetus, we must gradually increase the amount of feed, provide adequate protein, minerals, and vitamin soy concentrate, and appropriately increase the amount of feed such as soybeans, bean cake, and fishmeal. After 25 days of gestation, the concentrate should be reduced, and some pairs of feed should be added. Pay attention to feed hygiene during pregnancy to prevent the feeding of mildew, spoilage, and frozen feed to produce abortion in rabbits. Breast-feeding maternal should be given rich protein, vitamins and minerals feed, and should increase the amount of feed, but less feed within 1 to 2 days after delivery, in order to avoid excessive secretion of milk, rabbits can not eat milk resulting in breast accumulation . After 3 days of delivery, gradually increase the amount of feed. In addition to giving more green materials to the same material, fine materials should also be added.
(C) management of management of puppies: pups grow rapidly after birth, a variety of development is not yet complete, poor ability to resist the external environment. Therefore, the mortality rate of nursing infants is high, and they need to be carefully cared for and do the following work seriously. 1 Pay attention to the rabbit hanging milk. Bunny hanging milk is the process of feeding rabbits, hanging from the production box to the outside of the box. This situation is mostly due to lack of milk secretion from the mother. Don't eat without soaking, squeezing in the teat, when the mother is out of the production box, it will be taken out of the box. When this situation is discovered, the puppies must be sent back to the crate. Especially in the cold season, it is easy to freeze rabbits. 2 baby rabbits died of first aid. Do not fall outside the birth box and may be frozen to death. The way to save lives is to put the pups in warm water at about 38°C, expose the outlets and let them swim in the water. About 10 minutes will help save the animals and put them into the crate. 3 Regularly check the baby's breastfeeding development. Newborn rabbits weigh about 50 grams, at the age of 10 to 130-150 grams, 20-day-old 250-300 grams, a month-old 450 to 500 grams. Periodically measure the weight of the pups, identify their development, and take corresponding measures according to the development. 4 timely weaning. The pups feed on feed from the age of 20 days. From feeding to eating feed is a big change. Gradually adapt it and place the young rabbits in a warm, clean, dry place. Cage culture is appropriate, but it can also be raised in groups. In group breeding, 8 to 10 young rabbits are grouped, and it is advisable to raise 3 to 4 young rabbits as a group. After 25 days of age, the maternal box can be removed. When it is 40 to 45 days old, Weighing about 0.75 kg can be used for weaning. According to the development condition of the baby's physique, it is better to carry out milk once or in batches.
Management of young rabbits: young rabbits after weaning should first be bred in groups to promote growth and development of young rabbits. Enhance the body, can be bred in groups, each circle of 14 to 16 young rabbits. Grouping and rearing time should be divided into groups based on the physique of the rabbits, and the strong and poor ones should be raised separately and managed separately. The thin ones can leave the milk temporarily. Followed by weighing on time. Young rabbits weaned weighed 850 to 950 grams, 1200 to 1300 grams at 2 months of age, and 1800 to 2300 grams at 3 months of age. In order to grasp the growth and development of young rabbits in time, it can be weighed once every half month. For individuals with fast weight gain, well-developed individuals can be transferred to a reserve rabbit population and take measures to find out the reasons for poor development in a timely manner. The third is to do a good job in environmental sanitation, timely clearing the excrement in the circle and on the sports ground, replacing the bedding, and keeping the ground dry. In addition, we must always do a good job in disease prevention and treatment, especially in the prevention of coccidiosis. Adding chlorobenzene (1 tablet per kilogram of feed) to the feed after weaning, once a day, for a week, has a certain effect on the prevention of coccidiosis.
The management of rabbits: During the rabbit stage, the sexual organs of male and female rabbits have begun to mature, and there are breeding requirements. Therefore, strict selection is required. The male and female rabbits with good growth, large body size, and excellent plush quality are reserved for breeding and kept in single cages. Non-compliance with public breeding can be grouped after closure, and females are transferred to large groups.
The management of male rabbits: The management of breeding male rabbits mainly has the following three aspects. First of all, it is necessary to master the initial age. Kinds of public-private animals should be raised with a single pet to avoid early mating, breed rabbits for 7 to 8 months of age, weigh about 4 kg, and arrange breeding. Second, do a good job of male-female rationing when breeding. In general, the ratio of male and female in rabbit farms can be selected to remain 1:6 to 8, so that male rabbits can be mated twice a day and rest one day every three days. However, the quality of semen in the summer was poor and no breeding arrangements were made. Third, regular inspection of semen quality, attention to eliminate vitality, density and development. Where there is dead sperm, abnormal sperm, or semen with low density, the male rabbit should be eliminated. Breeding season, the breeding intensity of male rabbits should be appropriate, l ~ 2 times a day for it, generally can not exceed 4 times.
Management of Female Breeds: The management of the parental exemption includes the following: 1 Carefully rearing pregnant mothers. Pregnancy mothers are prone to miscarriage after 15 to 20 days of pregnancy. Therefore, care should be taken in management to prevent miscarriage. For single-cage rearing, it is not free to capture, keep cages and keep quiet. 2 carefully prepare for prenatal preparation. The female rabbit must be ready to produce boxes or produce nests within 20 to 25 days of pregnancy. Put a few clean mats inside and outside the box. 3 to help prenatal lapping. Maternal immunization began to pull hair 1 day before delivery. The mouth was pulled down by the mouth and around the breast, and was placed in the birth box. After 8 hours, the female rabbits will give birth, and if the female rabbit does not pull wool (especially the first female rabbits), it is necessary to artificially assist the laying of the laying box and prepare the clean water for the pregnant female rabbits. To prepare enough water after production, otherwise it is easy to cause eating. 4 Regular breastfeeding examinations. The female rabbits should be checked daily for breastfeeding within 15 days after birth. At each inspection, the female rabbit is taken out and placed in another place. Then take out the box - a check. If you find that you do not have enough pups, you must perform forced feeding. The method is to remove the female rabbit, grasp the skin of the front foot or neck, and catch the rabbit to force breastfeeding. The mother is breast-fed once a day, each time 5 to 7 minutes, to meet the need to avoid growth and development. In some places, mothers are used separately to manage breastfeeding regularly. 5 Adjust rabbits and replace milk in time. In large groups of rabbits, a second trimming of the rabbits can be performed on the second day after childbirth, so that the number of litters in each litter is approximately the same, so as to prevent overgrowth of litters in the litter. Usually a nest of 5 to 6 puppies is appropriate. The method is to move the little piglets with large numbers of births to the mothers who have little litters to be released from the nests. However, it should be noted that the maternity period is basically similar and cannot exceed three days. In order to prevent odor on behalf of the bred, so that the surface of the pups stained on behalf of the wombat nest odor, can be used on behalf of the female rabbits nest grass or rabbit urine rubbing the puppies of the rabbit, the rabbit female sniffing odor, prohibit breast-feeding.
Third, the age of reproduction of Rex rabbits is related to individuals, feeding management, climate and so on. Normal sexual maturity at 4 months of age. And have the ability to reproduce offspring, but have not yet matured, premature breeding, will affect their own development. Therefore, after sexual maturity, it is appropriate to delay some time, that is, 5 to 6 months of age, when the weight reaches 3 to 4 kg, it is appropriate to start mating.
(1) Estrus Rex rabbits are perennial estrus animals. After sexual maturity, they are often in estrous state and can be bred at any time. Some scholars believe that female gravidness is a periodical estrus, and estrus occurs every 8 to 9 days, and estrus lasts 3 to 5 days. . The estrous behavior of female rabbits is mainly manifested in active restlessness, pedaling on the hind limbs, unplanned grounding of paws, loss of appetite, frictional appliances on the ankles, and female rabbits with strong sexual desires also crawling across other female rabbits. In estrus female rabbits, the vulva is swollen and pale pink or reddish pink. Those in pink packets are most likely to receive mating, followed by those with purple color. Most of the above symptoms are also acceptable for mating, but male rabbits must chase in cages. A longer or next day can be successful.
(b) Breeding male rabbits have the ability to mate throughout the year. However, the nutritional status, moulting season or hot summer libido decreased while the fertility rate decreased, and the male rabbit had 1 to 3 ml of ejaculate per time. 15 to 20 minutes after sperm mating into the fallopian tube.
(3) Ovulation Rex rabbits are induced ovulatory animals. Mature follicles in the ovary must undergo mating stimulation before ovulation. After mating, it ovulates after 10 to 13 hours. More than 6 hours after the egg was excreted, she lost her ability to fertilize. Without mating stimulation, mature follicles repeatedly developed after about half a month.
(D) Pregnancy and pregnancy Pregnancy Rex rabbits between 30 to 35 days of pregnancy, usually 30 days, when the litter size is small, pregnancy is often extended 1 to 2 days, more than 35 days of pregnancy are mostly stillbirth. The female rabbit increases several times in the uterus after her pregnancy and pushes the abdominal organs forward and even oppresses the diaphragm. As a result, her breathing is accelerated, and her digestion and circulation are affected. It often causes constipation and venous stasis of the hind limbs. Pseudopregnancy means that the female rabbits undergo mating ovulation without fertilization, or that the gregarious primates and cross-climbs stimulate ovulation and form a corpus luteum. The corpus luteum secretes luteinizing hormone and causes false pregnancies. Pregnancy also has pregnancy symptoms, such as rejection, abdominal enlargement, plucking, nesting, and lactation. After about 17 days, the corpus luteum is degraded, progesterone secretion is reduced, and pseudopregnancy is stopped.
(E) Childbirth and breastfeeding The fetus will give birth after it has matured. A few hours before birth, the female rabbits pull and coat the boxes. The paroxysmal contractions of the uterine muscles occur at this time, the female rabbit stands slightly, and the pudendal part of the mouth licks, and the "mite" sounds, the rupture of the fetal membrane, the outflow of the amniotic fluid, and the birth of the fetus together with the placenta, every 1 to 2 minutes. One, 15 to 20 minutes all finished. Birth rabbits, mother bite the amniotic membrane, eat the amniotic membrane and placenta, unify the amniotic fluid and blood of the baby face, and then use the rabbit hair to cover the rabbit, immediately out of the box and drink water for one hour after the female rabbit Breastfeeding can be avoided. Female lactating can last for 2 months. Within 5 days after delivery, the daily lactation amount was 100-120 grams, and thereafter it increased day by day until the maximum amount of lactation reached 21 days after delivery. The daily lactation amount was about 700 grams, and the lactation also decreased quickly after 28 days postpartum.
Fourth, the prevention and control of major diseases The cause of retinoblastitis is multifactorial, such as: feed incomplete nutrition, feed pollution or mildew, deterioration of the epidemic prevention system, dark and damp in rabbit houses, poor environmental hygiene, and excessive temperature. Too low, excessive humidity, etc. Therefore, only by adhering to the correct feeding and management, and taking various preventive measures in time, can we control various diseases of Rex rabbits and maintain the healthy development of rabbits.
(A) Viral haemorrhage (rabbits)
The disease is an acute hemorrhagic disease with high morbidity and mortality. It is also known that the disease in rabbits is extremely fast and spreads throughout the four seasons. However, the rate is high in spring, autumn and winter. Major harm to young rabbits and adult rabbits. Too much was the most acute process; without any pre-dawn, lying and closing eyes, not eating or drinking, body temperature rose to 41 °C or more; anatomical eyelid lesions in the parenchymal organ bleeding, stasis as the main feature; tracheal mucosal depression The trachea and bronchi are filled with blood-foam foam; the lungs are depressed, the spleen is swollen and blue-purple; the liver is swollen and pale yellow; the face is full, the urine is the most acute case with blood, and the stomach is filled with food and mucous membranes. Fall off. Prevention: The treatment of the disease is very poor, mainly in prevention, can be used rabbit lice vaccine injection, the immunization period is more than 6 months.
(B) The disease of Bacillus is a bacterial disease caused by the excessive killing of rods. The rabbit is very sensitive to Pasteurellosis and often causes large-scale disease and acute death. This disease occurs frequently in the spring and autumn and is distributed. Or endemic, the incidence rate of 20 to 70%, 20% mortality after onset, rabbits suffering from the main clinical diagnosis of the type of rhinitis, bronchitis. Clinical symptoms such as tympanitis, pleurisy, uterine knowledge, orchitis, and systemic septicemia are not obvious, and only mild rhinitis occurs; chronic types include serous, mucous and purulent rhinorrhea, cough, sneezing, etc., upper lip and Nostrils group Zhong Yan inflammation due to disease rabbits often scratch the nose. The bacteria can be brought within limits, within the ear, and under the skin, causing suppurative conjunctivitis, otitis media, and subcutaneous abscesses. Rabbits suffering from mastitis and other symptoms are dying due to lack of energy and malnutrition. After more than 10 days or more, they die due to failure. Some of the diseased rabbits are converted from acute to subacute, and the main symptoms are bronchial pneumonia and meningitis without elevated body temperature. Difficulty breathing, mucus or purulent discharge from the nostrils. The disease course can be maintained for 7 to 14 days. Loss of appetite and diarrhea before dying are treated with intramuscular injection of streptomycin at a dose of 10,000 units per kilogram of body weight. If each unit is allowed to use 100,000 units of penicillin, the effect is better. 2 times a day, once every 5 to 7 days, you can also use gentamicin 2 to 40000 units per rabbit, intramuscular injection, 2 times a day, 3 days a course of treatment, can also be used quinolone fermentation 50mg/kg body weight, intramuscular injection Or oral prevention, preventive measures strictly sterilized. The pathogen is not very resistant to the external environment. Generally, 1% stearic acid is used, 3% suraar, 1% bleaching powder, and can be killed within minutes to ten minutes. Rabbits can be immunized with a vaccine or antiserum. Or passive rabbit epidemic, all set a certain effect.
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