The establishment of safe food production laws and regulations and the formation of market access mechanisms have made fishery health aquaculture an inevitable path for the current development of aquaculture. Cold-water fish breeding in Huairou District of Beijing has a long history. New varieties have been introduced and fish diseases have increased year by year. . Therefore, the implementation of healthy breeding to reduce the occurrence of diseases will become an important means for the prevention and control of fish diseases in cold-water fish farming. The operating points for the healthy breeding of cold-water fish are described below.
1. Choose a good woman's water source to ensure proper water temperature The cold-water fish cultured species are squid and squid. Their primitive living environments are mountainous streams and rivers, respectively. The natural waters are of good quality and have low water temperatures. Therefore, when selecting water sources for cold-water fish farming, spring water and river water with fresh water quality should be selected, and the water temperature should be 10 to 18°C. The farms that use water with higher water temperature as their source of water can supplement part of the groundwater in the summer to lower the water temperature.
2. Construction of fish pond structure in line with healthy aquaculture needs Cold water fish culture ponds are preferably rectangular or square blunt structures. There are no dead corners for reasonable walking. The fish can be evenly distributed throughout the pond. The fish ponds are 4 meters wide and 15 meters long. it is good. The fish pond drain outlet is provided with a layer of barriers to prevent the incidence of cross-infection of the fish in the fish pond. The water supply condition in the fish pond is not good, and a series of fish ponds should be used to supply water. A sedimentation tank should be set below the outlet to reduce the harm of metabolites such as residual bait fish manure to the fish below.
3. Scientific and reasonable stocking and feeding The stocking density of cold-water fish can increase with the increase of water exchange and dissolved oxygen, but when the stocking density is above 16 kg/m3, metabolites produced due to metabolism of fish will By increasing the hydration index of hydrogen sulfide, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and nitrite nitrogen in the water body, the fish body will feel physical discomfort and can only ensure normal feeding activities. The fish body will grow slowly and its ability to resist disease will decrease. Therefore, cold-water fish stocking should be kept in the range of 10 to 14 kg/m3 so that the water body can be used to a large extent and the resistance of fish to disease can be improved.
In the process of fish rearing, it is necessary to ensure the nutritional balance and quality of the feed ingredients. Attention should be paid to the control of the amount of feed fed. Inadequate feeding will cause hunger, uneven growth of fish, and the occurrence of residual food and parasitic diseases. Too much prone to bait contamination, increased oxygen consumption and opportunities for various infectious diseases. Must be based on water temperature, fish status, dissolved oxygen and other factors, scientific and reasonable feeding, under appropriate conditions, the species on the day bait rate of 3%, 2.5% adult fish. And should pay attention to the bait grain size and the fish body size to adapt to, the general bait grain size is the feeding fish mouth crack 2/3 is better.
4. Maintain a Healthy Fish Eco-environment to Reduce Fish Diseases Healthy culture of cold-water fishes is an ecological integrated project. Maintaining a healthy fish eco-environment is an important part of this. Therefore, the healthy breeding of cold-water fish should be improved and maintained around the fish pond environment, and reduce the adverse effects of the surrounding environment on the fishery ecosystem. Always pay attention to whether there is deciduous flow into the inlet, clean the bottom of the tank regularly (1 time per week) to prevent accumulation of residual baits, fecal matter, etc., and algae-like bacteria. Before the bait is fed, it must be sieved and sieved out. Powder, reduce the pollution of the bait to the water environment and the damage to the fish's crotch; when the water source is insufficient and the water temperature of the pool is high, oxygen-added equipment and supplementary groundwater can be used to increase dissolved oxygen in the water to lower the water temperature; for the reuse of the culture water, The UV-C ultraviolet water disinfection and sterilization equipment installed at the inlet of the fish pond reduces the total number of microbial flora in the water to avoid cross-infection of fish diseases.
5. Increase the nutrition of fish to improve the resistance of fish to diseases The healthy culture of cold water fish can increase the fish's resistance to diseases by ensuring the nutrient balance and quality of bait. Therefore, the appropriate amount of nutrition baits is One of the necessary means for healthy breeding.
5.1 Feeding inorganic salt nutrition bait 250 grams of inorganic salt is dissolved in water and 50 kg of bait is mixed and fed to fish species and adult fish that have been transported for long distances and surface damage. The osmotic pressure of the fish can be adjusted so that the body fluids can be stored and retained normally, and the growth of skin and mucous membranes can be promoted to accelerate the wound healing.
5.2 Feeding Vc and honey nutrition bait After dissolving Vc10g in water and mixing in 1kg honey, mix 100kg bait and feed it once every 10 days to increase the use of protein and fat in fish to promote growth and bone development.
5.3 Feeding Ve and Edible Oil Nutrition Baits Mix 5 g Ve and 1 kg oil and mix 100 kg bait once a week to increase the utilization of protein and fat in the fish to enhance the anti-anemia function of the fish.
6. Make a good inspection of the introduction of new varieties. When strict inspection and quarantine introduction, we must fully understand the risks of new varieties across regions. We require the introduction of new varieties of field visits, introduction from non-disease areas, and strict quarantine as required. Regulations are supervised.
In addition to strict quarantine and re-inspection work, adult fish breeding enterprises should follow the same site seedling principle when purchasing seedlings to avoid cross-infection of fish diseases carried by seedlings.
7. Use the correct method of application, do a good job of fish disease prevention and control of cold-water fish Healthy aquaculture in the prevention and treatment of fish diseases in addition to symptomatic remedy, the drug is accurate, the correct method of application is extremely important. The fish disease prevention and treatment drugs are divided into in vitro and in vivo drug use. In vitro drug application methods include sputum, dip and foam, and the method of administering drugs in vivo is feeding a drug bait.
The drugs used in quail are highly irritant and have a high concentration. They are generally (20-50) 10E-6 and they treat surface damage, bacterial and parasitic diseases. Suitable for small size or long-distance transport of fish species, requiring the fish into the liquid instantly out. For example: Use 5010E-6 iodine for disinfection.
The drugs used for dipping have a certain degree of irritation and a high concentration, generally (10 ~ 15) 10E-6, to treat parasite diseases and prevent bacterial diseases. When used in the sub-pool operation in fish breeding, it is required to remove the sub-pool fish into the liquid for about 10 minutes. For example: treatment with 2510E-6 formalin solution for the treatment of echinococcosis.
The drug used in the blister is maintained for a relatively long period of time under a certain concentration, and the general concentration is about 510E-6 or less for about 1 hour to treat bacterial diseases, intractable parasites and viral diseases. It is required to appropriately reduce the exchange volume and water level of the water body, and evenly pour the liquid liquor at the water inlet above the fish pond, and then use the drip tube to quantitatively add the medicine into the water inlet to maintain the pool Chinese medicine liquid concentration for a certain period of time. For example: treatment of bacterial gill disease with benzalkonium disinfectant 210E-6.
Drugs used for feeding baits include Chinese herbs, antibiotics, and iodine preparations. Chinese herbal medicine requires ultrafine crushing and adding bait to make bait; feeding antibiotics can be added to edible oil bait; iodine preparations as internal fertilizers are generally small in dosage and soluble in water and can be directly sprayed on the bait. When feeding baits, the number of feedings should be reduced, and the feeding amount should be 70% of the normal feeding amount. This will make the fish in a state of semi-starvation and increase the desire of the fish to feed baits.
1. Choose a good woman's water source to ensure proper water temperature The cold-water fish cultured species are squid and squid. Their primitive living environments are mountainous streams and rivers, respectively. The natural waters are of good quality and have low water temperatures. Therefore, when selecting water sources for cold-water fish farming, spring water and river water with fresh water quality should be selected, and the water temperature should be 10 to 18°C. The farms that use water with higher water temperature as their source of water can supplement part of the groundwater in the summer to lower the water temperature.
2. Construction of fish pond structure in line with healthy aquaculture needs Cold water fish culture ponds are preferably rectangular or square blunt structures. There are no dead corners for reasonable walking. The fish can be evenly distributed throughout the pond. The fish ponds are 4 meters wide and 15 meters long. it is good. The fish pond drain outlet is provided with a layer of barriers to prevent the incidence of cross-infection of the fish in the fish pond. The water supply condition in the fish pond is not good, and a series of fish ponds should be used to supply water. A sedimentation tank should be set below the outlet to reduce the harm of metabolites such as residual bait fish manure to the fish below.
3. Scientific and reasonable stocking and feeding The stocking density of cold-water fish can increase with the increase of water exchange and dissolved oxygen, but when the stocking density is above 16 kg/m3, metabolites produced due to metabolism of fish will By increasing the hydration index of hydrogen sulfide, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and nitrite nitrogen in the water body, the fish body will feel physical discomfort and can only ensure normal feeding activities. The fish body will grow slowly and its ability to resist disease will decrease. Therefore, cold-water fish stocking should be kept in the range of 10 to 14 kg/m3 so that the water body can be used to a large extent and the resistance of fish to disease can be improved.
In the process of fish rearing, it is necessary to ensure the nutritional balance and quality of the feed ingredients. Attention should be paid to the control of the amount of feed fed. Inadequate feeding will cause hunger, uneven growth of fish, and the occurrence of residual food and parasitic diseases. Too much prone to bait contamination, increased oxygen consumption and opportunities for various infectious diseases. Must be based on water temperature, fish status, dissolved oxygen and other factors, scientific and reasonable feeding, under appropriate conditions, the species on the day bait rate of 3%, 2.5% adult fish. And should pay attention to the bait grain size and the fish body size to adapt to, the general bait grain size is the feeding fish mouth crack 2/3 is better.
4. Maintain a Healthy Fish Eco-environment to Reduce Fish Diseases Healthy culture of cold-water fishes is an ecological integrated project. Maintaining a healthy fish eco-environment is an important part of this. Therefore, the healthy breeding of cold-water fish should be improved and maintained around the fish pond environment, and reduce the adverse effects of the surrounding environment on the fishery ecosystem. Always pay attention to whether there is deciduous flow into the inlet, clean the bottom of the tank regularly (1 time per week) to prevent accumulation of residual baits, fecal matter, etc., and algae-like bacteria. Before the bait is fed, it must be sieved and sieved out. Powder, reduce the pollution of the bait to the water environment and the damage to the fish's crotch; when the water source is insufficient and the water temperature of the pool is high, oxygen-added equipment and supplementary groundwater can be used to increase dissolved oxygen in the water to lower the water temperature; for the reuse of the culture water, The UV-C ultraviolet water disinfection and sterilization equipment installed at the inlet of the fish pond reduces the total number of microbial flora in the water to avoid cross-infection of fish diseases.
5. Increase the nutrition of fish to improve the resistance of fish to diseases The healthy culture of cold water fish can increase the fish's resistance to diseases by ensuring the nutrient balance and quality of bait. Therefore, the appropriate amount of nutrition baits is One of the necessary means for healthy breeding.
5.1 Feeding inorganic salt nutrition bait 250 grams of inorganic salt is dissolved in water and 50 kg of bait is mixed and fed to fish species and adult fish that have been transported for long distances and surface damage. The osmotic pressure of the fish can be adjusted so that the body fluids can be stored and retained normally, and the growth of skin and mucous membranes can be promoted to accelerate the wound healing.
5.2 Feeding Vc and honey nutrition bait After dissolving Vc10g in water and mixing in 1kg honey, mix 100kg bait and feed it once every 10 days to increase the use of protein and fat in fish to promote growth and bone development.
5.3 Feeding Ve and Edible Oil Nutrition Baits Mix 5 g Ve and 1 kg oil and mix 100 kg bait once a week to increase the utilization of protein and fat in the fish to enhance the anti-anemia function of the fish.
6. Make a good inspection of the introduction of new varieties. When strict inspection and quarantine introduction, we must fully understand the risks of new varieties across regions. We require the introduction of new varieties of field visits, introduction from non-disease areas, and strict quarantine as required. Regulations are supervised.
In addition to strict quarantine and re-inspection work, adult fish breeding enterprises should follow the same site seedling principle when purchasing seedlings to avoid cross-infection of fish diseases carried by seedlings.
7. Use the correct method of application, do a good job of fish disease prevention and control of cold-water fish Healthy aquaculture in the prevention and treatment of fish diseases in addition to symptomatic remedy, the drug is accurate, the correct method of application is extremely important. The fish disease prevention and treatment drugs are divided into in vitro and in vivo drug use. In vitro drug application methods include sputum, dip and foam, and the method of administering drugs in vivo is feeding a drug bait.
The drugs used in quail are highly irritant and have a high concentration. They are generally (20-50) 10E-6 and they treat surface damage, bacterial and parasitic diseases. Suitable for small size or long-distance transport of fish species, requiring the fish into the liquid instantly out. For example: Use 5010E-6 iodine for disinfection.
The drugs used for dipping have a certain degree of irritation and a high concentration, generally (10 ~ 15) 10E-6, to treat parasite diseases and prevent bacterial diseases. When used in the sub-pool operation in fish breeding, it is required to remove the sub-pool fish into the liquid for about 10 minutes. For example: treatment with 2510E-6 formalin solution for the treatment of echinococcosis.
The drug used in the blister is maintained for a relatively long period of time under a certain concentration, and the general concentration is about 510E-6 or less for about 1 hour to treat bacterial diseases, intractable parasites and viral diseases. It is required to appropriately reduce the exchange volume and water level of the water body, and evenly pour the liquid liquor at the water inlet above the fish pond, and then use the drip tube to quantitatively add the medicine into the water inlet to maintain the pool Chinese medicine liquid concentration for a certain period of time. For example: treatment of bacterial gill disease with benzalkonium disinfectant 210E-6.
Drugs used for feeding baits include Chinese herbs, antibiotics, and iodine preparations. Chinese herbal medicine requires ultrafine crushing and adding bait to make bait; feeding antibiotics can be added to edible oil bait; iodine preparations as internal fertilizers are generally small in dosage and soluble in water and can be directly sprayed on the bait. When feeding baits, the number of feedings should be reduced, and the feeding amount should be 70% of the normal feeding amount. This will make the fish in a state of semi-starvation and increase the desire of the fish to feed baits.
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