Potassium fertilizer should be applied deeply and concentratedly. This is because potassium tends to be fixed by clay minerals, especially those of the 2:1 type, which are common in many soils. Deep application helps minimize the fixation caused by the frequent wetting and drying of surface soil layers. Since potassium has low mobility in the soil, applying it in a concentrated manner reduces its contact with the soil, thereby decreasing fixation and increasing the diffusion rate of potassium. This makes it more available for plant uptake, improving overall nutrient efficiency.
It's also important to apply potassium fertilizer at the right time. Typically, potassium is used as a base fertilizer, with a significant portion applied as seed fertilizer. If used as a top dressing, early application is usually recommended. Most crops have their critical potassium uptake period during the early reproductive stage, when they absorb large amounts of potassium. Later on, absorption declines, and some potassium may even leach out from the roots during maturity. For example, cereal crops need a lot of potassium during the tillering and jointing stages, which accounts for 60% to 70% of their total potassium requirement. In cotton, the bud and boll formation stages require the highest potassium input, while vegetables like eggplants and radishes need it most during the budding and root enlargement phases. For perennial fruit trees, the timing of potassium application should be adjusted based on the specific growth cycle. For instance, pears require high potassium levels during fruit development, and grapes need it most during fruit coloring.
On sandy soils, where potassium can easily leach away, it’s best to apply potash in smaller, more frequent doses rather than in large quantities at once. In contrast, clay soils can handle larger applications as a basal fertilizer. The appropriate potassium application rate depends on several factors, including the soil’s available potassium content, the crop’s potassium needs, and the balance of other nutrients. As a general guideline, corn typically requires 6-9 kg of potassium oxide per acre, while rice needs 5-8 kg. For potassium-demanding crops, the rate can be increased slightly to meet their higher requirements.
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