Watermelon cultivation requires careful management of fertilization to ensure optimal growth and fruit quality. One common mistake is applying a single large dose of nitrogen fertilizer. This can cause the plants to grow excessively tall and leggy, which hinders flowering and fruit development. Before the fruit sets, potassium uptake increases significantly after the fruit begins to form. During the fruiting stage, the absorption of nitrogen and potassium is roughly equal, but potassium levels peak during the fruit enlargement phase. As the watermelons mature, nitrogen absorption decreases while phosphorus uptake increases. The ideal N:P:K ratio varies throughout the growth stages: 3.8:1:2.8 during the seedling stage, 3.6:1:1.7 during the vine extension phase, and 3.5:1:4.6 during the fruiting period.
Second, avoid using chlorine-containing fertilizers such as ammonium chloride or potassium chloride. Although watermelons are somewhat tolerant to chlorine, excessive amounts can reduce sugar accumulation, resulting in less sweet fruits.
Third, do not overapply human manure. Excessive use can lead to overly vigorous plant growth, making it difficult for the plant to set fruit. It may also result in thick, tough rinds and poor fruit quality.
Fourth, avoid applying fertilizer directly on the soil surface. Watermelon fertilizers should be applied deeply and covered promptly. Nitrogen, in particular, can easily volatilize into ammonia gas if left exposed, which can damage leaves and reduce fertilizer efficiency.
Fifth, avoid fertilizing during rainy weather. High humidity and moist soil increase the risk of nutrient leaching, and excess moisture can promote excessive vegetative growth rather than fruit development.
Sixth, do not place fertilizer too close to the main roots. Fertilizer should be applied about 10 centimeters away from the root zone to prevent root burn and ensure even nutrient distribution.
Lastly, avoid fertilizing during dry conditions. When the soil is dry, applying chemical fertilizers can cause the root cells to lose water, leading to physiological dehydration and potentially killing the plant. Always ensure adequate soil moisture before applying any fertilizer to maintain healthy plant growth and high-quality fruit production.
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