First, focus on improving breed variety. Fertility is a heritable trait, and different breeds exhibit varying levels of reproductive performance. Most sheep give birth to 2-3 lambs per year, while some may have up to 4-8 lambs. To enhance fertility, it's essential to introduce high-fertility traits through crossbreeding or select for natural mutations that boost reproductive efficiency. Establishing a comprehensive breeding registration system and an improved breeding program will help maintain and elevate the overall productivity of the flock.
Second, choose high-quality breeding stock. Excellent rams should be in good physical condition, active, with a short and thick neck, strong build, rectangular body shape, broad chest, flat back, wide hips, and appropriately sized testicles that are symmetrical and well-positioned. Their semen quality must be excellent, and any ram with abnormalities such as undescended testes or malformed genitalia should not be used for breeding. Ewes should be large in size, compact, well-muscled, with elastic skin, a broad chest, straight back, slightly larger rear end, straight legs, and wide spacing between them. They should grow quickly, have high meat yield, and produce more lambs. Additionally, their udders should be soft and round, with good milk production, and they should be lively, alert, and have a shiny coat.
Third, optimize the herd structure. Female sheep typically do not remain productive beyond 7-8 years of age. The ideal herd composition should include 47% young ewes, 50% ewes and rams born in the same year, and 3% mature rams. In addition to replacing rams annually to prevent inbreeding, it’s important to cull old, sick, weak, or infertile sheep. This ensures that over 70% of the flock consists of sheep at the optimal age for productivity and high yields.
Fourth, improve feeding and management practices. During spring, when temperatures fluctuate and lambing occurs, ewes are often weaker. When grazing, manage the flock carefully—keep the weaker ones separate, limit activity, and encourage them to eat more grass. In summer, with hot and buggy conditions, graze in the early morning and late evening, and provide a cool, shaded area for feeding to maximize grass intake. In fall, change grazing areas frequently and choose pastures rich in grass seeds to help sheep gain fat reserves for breeding and winter survival. In winter, most ewes are in late pregnancy, and cold weather limits grazing. Ensure safe grazing, moderate exercise, and provide quality hay and fine feed to support their nutritional needs.
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