First, focus on improving the breeding of sheep. Fertility is a heritable trait, and different breeds exhibit varying levels of fertility. Most breeds produce two to three lambs per year, while some can give birth to four to eight lambs in a single litter. To enhance reproductive performance, it's essential to introduce high-fertility traits through crossbreeding or select for naturally occurring prolific mutations. Establishing a comprehensive breeding registration system and an improved breeding program will help ensure long-term genetic progress and better herd performance.
Second, choose high-quality breeding stock. Superior rams should be healthy, active, with short, thick necks, strong bodies, rectangular frames, broad chests, flat backs, and well-developed hips. Their testicles should be of moderate size, symmetrical, and have a wide base. The quality of their semen must be excellent, and any ram with deformities, cryptorchidism, or other genital abnormalities should not be used for breeding. Ewes should be large in size, compact, muscular, with elastic skin, a broad chest, straight back, slightly larger rear ends, straight legs, and wide spacing between them. They should grow quickly, have high meat yield, and good lambing ability. Their udders should be soft, round, and capable of producing sufficient milk. Ewes should also be lively, alert, and have a shiny coat.
Third, optimize the herd structure. Female sheep typically live up to 7 or 8 years, and the overall structure should consist of 47% young ewes, 50% ewes and rams born in the same year, and 3% rams. In addition to replacing rams annually to prevent inbreeding, it's important to cull older, sick, weak, or infertile sheep. This ensures that more than 70% of the flock consists of sheep at the optimal age for productivity and high yields.
Fourth, improve feeding and management practices. During spring, when the weather is cold and variable, it's lambing season, and ewes are often in poor condition. When grazing, keep the flock small, encourage less movement, and allow them to eat more grass. In summer, with hot and mosquito-filled days, graze in the early morning and late evening, and create a cool feeding environment to help sheep eat more. In fall, change pastures frequently and select areas rich in grass seeds to help sheep gain fat and prepare for breeding and winter. In winter, most ewes are in late pregnancy, and the cold weather requires careful grazing, moderate exercise, and farmers should provide quality hay and fine feed to maintain their health.
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