Jasmine, commonly known as the "Queen of Flowers," is a genus belonging to the Oleaceae family, specifically within the Rosaceae group. It is characterized by its glossy green leaves, fragrant white blossoms, and is one of the most popular aromatic plants grown in pots. Native to regions such as India and the Arabian Peninsula, jasmine thrives in subtropical climates, with major cultivation areas concentrated around the Persian Gulf. Today, it is widely cultivated across countries like Iran, Egypt, Turkey, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Spain, France, and Italy, as well as in parts of Southeast Asia. Notably, Athens, the capital of Greece, is often referred to as the "City of Jasmine," and several nations, including the Philippines, Indonesia, Pakistan, and Thailand, have designated jasmine as their national flower. In the United States, South Carolina has chosen jasmine as its state flower.
The history of jasmine in China dates back centuries, with references found in ancient poetry. During the Song Dynasty, poet Wang Shipeng once wrote about jasmine being introduced from Buddhist lands to China. Another reference from that era mentions jasmine as the "crown of flowers" due to its strong fragrance. The first recorded cultivation of jasmine in China took place in Yunnan, later expanding to Guangdong and Fujian, which became the cradle of Chinese jasmine cultivation. Today, jasmine is grown throughout the country, with key production areas including Guangdong, Fujian, Suzhou, Hangzhou, and Nanjing. Recently, regions like Shandong, Beijing, Tianjin, and Xi’an have also started cultivating potted jasmine. Currently, China accounts for 65% of global jasmine cultivation, producing more flowers annually than any other country.
Morphologically, jasmine is an evergreen shrub with opposite, glossy, oval leaves. Its inflorescences are cymose, with clusters of white, fragrant flowers that can be single, double, or multiple. Popular ornamental varieties include *Jasminum sambac* (with red or purple blooms), *J. grandiflorum* (white and highly aromatic), *J. humile* (bright yellow flowers), *J. mesnyi* (light yellow with a strong scent), and *J. officinale* (white flowers with red hues). There are also dwarf varieties like *J. parkeri* and *J. polyanthum*, each offering unique characteristics.
Jasmine prefers warm, humid, and sunny environments. It thrives best between 25–35°C, with growth slowing below 10°C and ceasing entirely at temperatures below 19°C. Flower buds develop optimally between 30–40°C, with the ideal temperature for blooming being 32–37°C. However, above 37°C, flowers may turn yellow and lose their fragrance. High humidity (75–85%) is essential during the growing season, as excessive dryness can hinder growth and flowering. While jasmine needs regular watering, overwatering can lead to root rot, especially in potted plants during winter.
As a long-day plant, jasmine requires direct sunlight for optimal growth. Insufficient light results in weak, thin leaves and poor development. Strong sunlight promotes a robust root system and overall plant health. Wind also plays a role: southeast winds in summer increase humidity and promote growth, while northerly winds can reduce humidity and inhibit flower bud development. During hot summers, north winds can enhance the fragrance of the flowers. However, southerly or easterly winds may cause excessive evaporation, leading to water loss and defoliation.
Jasmine grows best in loose, fertile sandy loam soil with a pH of 6–6.5. For potted plants, a mix of garden soil, vermiculite, or composted manure works well. Propagation methods include cuttings, layering, and division. Cuttings taken from April to October, treated with indole butyric acid, typically root within 15–20 days. Layering involves burying a section of a branch in moist soil until roots form, usually taking 2–3 weeks. Division is done during repotting, where dense clumps are split and replanted.
In cultivation, jasmine requires full sun, regular fertilization, and proper pruning. It should be placed in a sunny location, as insufficient light leads to leggy growth. Pruning after flowering helps maintain compact growth and encourages new blooms. A balanced fertilizer like 21-7-7 acid fertilizer can be applied every two weeks. Nitrogen deficiency may cause yellowing, so foliar sprays of urea can help stimulate bud development.
Common pests include leaf roller moths, red spider mites, and scale insects, which can be controlled with insecticides like 50% parathion emulsion diluted to 1,000 times. Fungal diseases like white peony and brown spot can be managed with fungicides such as 65% zinc sulfate WP diluted to 800 times.
After harvesting, jasmine is used for decorative purposes in gardens and homes, adding both beauty and fragrance. In southern cities, it is also used to create corsages, flower balls, and lanterns, enhancing the aesthetic appeal of special occasions. With its elegance and charm, jasmine continues to be a beloved plant across cultures and generations.
Frozen Mussels,Frozen Cooked Clean Mussel Meat,Cooked Mussel Meat,Seafood Mussel Meat
Shengsi Xiangyuan Aquatic Products Co.,Ltd., , https://www.mytilus-edulis.com