Potassium fertilizer should be applied deeply and concentratedly. This is because potassium in the soil tends to be fixed by clay minerals, particularly those of the 2:1 type. Deep application helps reduce the crystal lattice fixation that occurs due to the frequent wetting and drying of surface soil. By applying potassium deeper, it becomes more available for plant uptake. Additionally, potassium has low mobility in the soil, so concentrating its application minimizes contact with the soil, reduces fixation, enhances diffusion, and improves nutrient absorption by crops.
It's also important to apply potash early. Typically, potassium fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer, and a significant portion is applied as seed fertilizer. If used as a top dressing, early application is recommended. Most crops have their critical potassium nutrition period during the early reproductive stage, when potassium uptake is high in the mid to early growth phase. Later on, potassium uptake declines, and some may even leach out from the roots during maturity. For example, cereal crops require a large amount of potassium during the tillering and jointing stages, which accounts for about 60-70% of their total potassium needs. Cotton requires the most potassium during the bud and boll formation stages, while vegetables like eggplants and radishes need it during the budding and root swelling phases. For perennial fruit trees, fertilization timing should match their growth cycles—such as during fruit development for pears or coloration for grapes. On sandy soils, avoid large amounts of potash at once; instead, apply it in smaller, multiple doses to prevent leaching. On clay soils, it can be applied as a base fertilizer in larger quantities at one time.
The application rate of potassium fertilizer depends on the soil’s available potassium content, the crop’s potassium requirements, and the balance of other nutrients. As a general guideline, for corn, 6–9 kg of potassium oxide per acre is recommended, and for rice, 5–8 kg per acre. For crops with higher potassium demands, such as potatoes or certain vegetables, the rate can be slightly increased. Always consider soil testing and crop needs before finalizing the application rate.
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