1. Nephalium Lappaceum L. is a Nephalium fruit tree of the genus Sapi-Ndaceae, native to the Malay Peninsula. Countries with larger cultivated areas in the world include Thailand, Malaysia and Sri Lanka. Among them, the planting area in Thailand reaches 100,000 hectares, and the annual output is about 1.3 million tons. The planting area and total output account for about 75% of the world total. In the period of 1930-1960, the cultivation of Hainan Province and Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, etc., were successively carried out, all of which could produce flowering results, but the results were normal in southern and southeastern Hainan Province. At present, the planting area in China is concentrated in Baoting County in Hainan Province, with an area of ​​about 200 hectares. (i) Biological characteristics Evergreen trees, 8-10 meters tall, vegetatively mature trees 3-8 meters tall, with straight trunks, slightly rough bark, brown shoots, and hairs. Leaves evenly pinnate, elliptic or ovoid, entire, leathery. Panicles terminal or axillary, spikes 15-20 cm long, much branched. There are three types of flowers, namely, male, female and bisexual flowers. Fruit drupe-like, elliptic or obovate. When the fruit is ripe, the peel is red, pink, or yellow, with a flesh, so it is also known as "Mao." The flesh (arkanoid) is milky to pale yellow, translucent and creamy, with a very sweet to sour taste. Seeds (long, oval, typical tropical fruit trees, requiring high temperature and humidity, calm wind and low altitude environment. Test observations show that the average temperature above 24 °C, the coldest month average temperature is higher than 17 °C,> 10 °C effective accumulated temperature 8600 Above °C, suitable for growth and development, below 20 °C, it grows slowly, and below 5 °C, it will cause chilling damage.The annual rainfall requires more than 1800 mm.The seedlings must avoid strong light and need proper shading. Avoid strong wind and dry hot wind, 8 The strong wind above the level affects the growth and development.The soil is rich in organic matter, rich in organic matter, loose fertility, drainage and good ventilation of PH5.5-6.5 loam. Mature trees grow slowly, and fresh shoots are taken 3-4 times a year. Autumn shoot growth is relatively large, generally from February to April, and fruit ripe from June to August.(2) Cultivation points 1. There are more cultivars abroad, such as asexual varieties registered in the Ministry of Agriculture from 1980 to 1987 in Malaysia. There are 186 varieties used in production in China, mainly including the six excellent crystals BR1, BR2, BR3, BR4, BR5 and BR8 that were selected from the imported foreign clones in the 1980s by the Baoting Institute of Tropical Crops in Hainan Province. 2. Multiplication using asexual grafting, grafting There are two kinds of methods: splicing method and patch budding method.In addition, planting materials can also be propagated by methods such as branching, high pressure layering and cutting.3.The planting should be in the soil with acidic, rich organic matter, deep soil and good ventilation and drainage. To establish a garden, when planting, use a bagged grafted seedling with two fluffy leaves, a height of more than 40 cm, and good hair roots as the planting material, with a spacing of 5 mx4 m, and planting water after planting to cover the grass. Insects and vegetation should be shaded and shaded.4. Soil management and planting consequences Parks should be kept rooted and covered with grass and weeds should be removed, and shaded orchard plants should be removed in due course. In the early growth stage, short-term crops or green manure should be used. When the tree was under drought, it was necessary to timely fill the water.The results before the sapling nitrogen-based, appropriate mix of phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizer.More than 6 years of age results of tree nitrogen and potassium Fertilizer, generally before flowering, small fruit and after fruiting Apply 1 time, the first two times the speed of fertilizer, the amount of fertilizer for the total amount of 1/3, after the fruit is reapplied organic fertilizer and annual chemical fertilizer amount of 2 / 3. 5. The trimming seedling height 1-1.5 (meters Immediately pick the top to promote the development of lateral branches, leaving 3-4 branches with uniform distribution, robust growth, and large branching angles as backbones. Branches, and successively cultivate all levels of branches, in order to form high-yielding tree type.Results Trees need to cut off dead branches and stems after harvest.6.To promote pollination To increase yield, the following pollination measures must be taken: Every 8-10 strains of gender A pollen tree of a male plant is distributed in the floral tree, or a pollination variety is grafted on a poorly-matured bisexual flower tree; 0.001-0.005% of active ingredient is sodium naphthaleneacetate or 0.025%-0.05% of naphthaleneacetic Acid is added every 1 meter. Spray a panicle with about 1/3 of the flower opening. 7. Pest and pest control species are numerous, but except for a few species, the damage is not serious, as long as the management of orchard, orchard management, pesticide control, control and It is not difficult. Common diseases in China include powdery mildew, frost-borne diseases and algae spot diseases. The main pests are black-tailed moths, green-edge green moths, Chinese green thorn moths, moths and scale insects that damage flowers and fruits. (3) Nutritional components, uses and development prospects Rambutan is beautiful in appearance, rich in nutrients, rich in carbohydrates, various vitamins and mineral elements, and the main varieties of edible parts account for 41%-47.3%, sweet to sweet and sour, with Litchi or grape flavor, delicious and pleasant. In addition to fresh fruit, the fruit can also be processed into canned food, candied fruit, jams, and jellies. At present, the suitable area for planting in China is limited to Sanya, Baoting, Lingshui and Ledong four counties in Hainan Province, with limited development space. It is necessary to carry out the research on the selection of high-resistance varieties with resistance (cold and wind) and at the same time make investigations and divisions suitable for the small-scale environment so as to expand the planting scope so that it can develop to a certain scale in our country and meet the needs of the society. China Agricultural Network Editor
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