In recent years, the rapid development of vegetable cultivation in China has resulted in the formation of a large circulation and large market. The variety of vegetables has become more and more abundant, which has greatly satisfied the people's growing consumption needs. However, with the development of vegetables, the types of pests and diseases have increased and the difficulty of prevention and control has become greater. In agricultural production, poisoning incidents occur from time to time because farmers abuse and use pesticides to cause excessive vegetable residue. How to correctly select and use various pesticides in the prevention and control of vegetable pests and diseases has become a key issue for consumers to eat pollution-free vegetables, and it is also a key issue for the development of pollution-free vegetables. This article discusses several suggestions: 1. Remedy: Fully Based on the understanding of pesticide performance and use methods, according to the type of pest control, use appropriate pesticide types or formulations. 2, to grasp the appropriate drug use: This is the most critical moment of chemical control. If you miss an effective period of prevention and control, you will become a "cannon after the horse." According to the occurrence of diseases and insect pests and regulations, strict control of the best period of prevention and treatment, so that appropriate medication. Do not spray on the pests as soon as you see pests in the field. Pests fail to meet prevention and control indicators, indicating that there is no pharmaceutical control, that is, the use of drugs, can only pick and smelt. It is generally controlled at the hatching period of pest eggs or at the early stage of larvae. The disease is controlled before the spread of pathogenic bacteria or during the initial stage of vegetable use. The control effect is better. 3, accurately grasp the amount of pesticides. There are differences in the resistance of different vegetable species, breeds, and stages of reproduction. Based on the occurrence of pesticide toxicity and pests and diseases, combined with climate and seedling conditions, the drug dosage and concentration should be strictly controlled to prevent phytotoxicity and damage to natural enemies in vegetables. Pest control can be below the level of economic damage. It should be noted that the purpose of chemical control is not to make pests and diseases extinct, not to achieve 100% kill but to control below the level of harm to economic losses, which can not only reduce the cost of agricultural control, but also protect the ecological environment. If arbitrarily increasing the application amount of pesticides, not only increase the cost of prevention and control, increase pesticide residues, pollute the environment, but also easily produce phytotoxicity, resulting in insecticide resistance. 4, to alternate use of pesticides. If a pesticide is used for a long period of time, pests and diseases will produce drug resistance, resulting in decreased control efficiency. As a result, the amount of medication and the number of uses have to be increased. This not only increases the production cost of vegetables, but also increases the amount of pesticide residues in vegetable products. Big. In order to prevent the occurrence of this phenomenon, when pests and diseases are to be controlled, methods of mixing or altering the use of several pesticides should be adopted according to the object of prevention and control. Attention should be paid to local conditions, diseases and insect pests, and conditions should be enforced wherever possible. Perform alternate rotations of medicine scientifically. When choosing to use pesticides, it is necessary to first understand the composition and properties of pesticides, and perform alternate rotations in order to delay the development of resistance. 5, reasonable mix of pesticides. Pesticides are used in a reasonable and mixed manner, which has the advantages of preventing and treating various diseases and insect pests, improving control efficiency, and saving labor. However, the pesticide compounding should be based on the premise of maintaining the active ingredient of the original drug or having a synergistic effect and having good physical properties. If it is not properly mixed, it will not only fail to achieve a mixed effect, but it will also increase crop damage and poisoning. The following principles shall be followed in the mixture of pesticides: First, no adverse physical and chemical changes shall occur after mixing, and pesticides that fail to decompose under alkaline conditions cannot be mixed with alkaline pesticides. Wettable powders cannot be mixed with emulsion pesticides; No adverse effects on crops; third, no reduction in efficacy after mixing; and fourth, no increase in use costs after mixing. In general, various neutral pesticides can be mixed; acidic pesticides can be mixed; alkaline pesticides can not be mixed with other pesticides (including alkaline pesticides); microbial pesticides (BT emulsions) cannot be combined with fungicides and systemic absorption. Strong pesticides are mixed. In general, no more than two to three pesticides are appropriate when using pesticides. 6, strictly in accordance with the safety interval application. The safety interval of pesticides refers to the time from the last application of the pesticide to the days of harvest, and there should be a certain interval before harvest to prevent pesticide residues in the vegetable products. This is one of the important links in the reduction of pesticide residues in agricultural products and the prevention of residual drugs, and it is an important means to protect the health of consumers. 7, according to the weather, scientific medication. Spraying pesticides has a close relationship with meteorology. The use of common pesticides is affected by weather conditions. For example, cloudy days, high winds, and water leakage will affect the application effects of pesticides. Therefore, it is generally recommended that there be no wind before 10 o'clock in the morning and medication after 4 o'clock in the afternoon. For example, dust and smoke are preferentially used in protected areas, and spray control can also be used in dry and sunny weather. When using fungicides to directly spray field crops, attention should be paid to the effects of natural weather, and the prevention and treatment of pharmaceutical agents should be invalid or cause injury. If the ambient temperature and humidity are relatively high, the concentration of the agent used may be appropriately reduced. For agents that are easily decomposed or volatilized under strong light, they should be used on cloudy days or in the evening; for dust agents, they must not be on high winds or stormy days. Use; prohibit the use of all germicides before rain or rain. 8, according to the provisions of the use of pesticides in the country. When pesticides are used, they must be carried out in accordance with the "Pesticide Safety Use Regulations", "Pesticide Safety Use Pesticide Standards", "Pesticide Reasonable Use Guidelines", and "Pesticide Management Regulations" promulgated by the State, and highly toxic, highly toxic, and high residue pesticides are strictly prohibited. Use on vegetables, fruits, must not be used to expand the scope of use and change the method of use. 9, scientific drugs to prevent pollution. The pollution-free vegetables should strive to implement the principle of "prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control", based on the improvement of the quality of plants themselves and resistance to disease, give priority to the use of agriculture, biological control and physical and ecological control methods to control the occurrence of pests and diseases as much as possible.
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