It is one of the effective ways to reduce the cost of raising fish and increase the efficiency of fish farming by properly interplanting high-quality forage grass with fish ponds in the slopes and ponds. Rational arrangement of cornices and scientific cultivation are the key to improving the quality of grasses. Practice has proved that using the combination model of “Alfalfa-Sudan grass-hedgehog hybrid-Lolium multiflorum†for the annual balance of planting grass is an ideal choice. The supply of green fodder can be guaranteed according to the habits and food intake of farmed fish, saving more than 50% of concentrated fodder and increasing 300 kg of fresh fish. The annual fish farming model is described below:
First, the main features
1. Fresh alfalfa yields 3500kg to 4000kg per mu, up to 5000kg for high; 4000mu per mu for Sudan, up to 5000kg to 6500kg for fertility; and up to 7500 for hybrid pennisetum Kilograms ~ 8,000 kilograms; more than ryegrass yield 4000 kg to 5000 kg, up to 7000 kg of fertility.
2. Good quality Alfalfa is known as “Forage Kingâ€. Its protein, minerals and vitamin content are high. Its economic value and palatability are better than other pastures. Sudan grass has soft stems and leaves, good quality, rich nutrition, and high protein content. About 18.6%, and good palatability.
3. Anniversary balance for grass ryegrass sowing in the fall, grass supply in March next year, can make up for lack of green feed in early spring; Sudan grass, hybrid Pennisetum all in June to September herbivorous fish Wang Shi for grass; alfalfa For perennial grasses, grass is supplied from the beginning of April to the end of June each year. After the summer, the grass can be fed again. In addition, when the green feed is surplus, the alfalfa can be dried into grass powder and processed into compound feed for feeding fish.
4. It is beneficial to improve the soil ryegrass, hybrid Pennisetum developed roots, can increase soil organic matter; alfalfa has a nitrogen fixation, can fertilize the soil. Therefore, this method of rational rotation of legumes and grasses is an effective method of fertilizing and improving soil. Alfalfa also has the role of slope protection and prevention of soil erosion.
Second, cultivation technology
1. The sowing date and sowing amount of multi-planting ryegrass should be sown from late August to early September. The sowing or seedling sowing should be used. The amount per mu should be 1.5 kg to 2 kg; the alfalfa can be planted in spring, summer and autumn, and sowing should be adopted. The amount of mu is 0.8 kg to 1 kg; Sudan grass is sown in late March to early June. The amount of mu for use is 2 kg to 3 kg; hybrid pennisetum is planted in the spring and the amount of mu is 0.1 kg to 0.2 kg. Roots and shoots can also be used.
2. Fertilizer and Field Management The amount of fertilizer needed for forage herb varies from species to species. Gramineae need more fertilizer than legumes. For medium fertility soil, Sudan grass is suitable for applying 25 kg to 30 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per acre; ryegrass is suitable for 20 kg to 25 kg; hybrid pennisetum is about 25 kg per acre; alfalfa is mainly applied to phosphate fertilizer, per acre. Apply 25 kg to 40 kg and apply molybdenum and zinc fertilizer appropriately. After each harvest, apply about 5 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer, or apply a certain amount of human and animal dung. Field management is mainly loose soil weeding, long drought watering, ensure the whole seedlings, usually to do a good job of field water system.
3. Harvest time and number of times Harvest time and number of times directly affect the quality and yield of fresh grass. The harvest is too early, although the quality is good, but the output is low; too late, the output is high, but the quality is poor, so it is very important to grasp the appropriate harvest time and frequency. Ryegrass can generally be cut 3 times to 4 times, beginning in mid-April to castration; Sudan grass, hybrid Pennisetum cut in the late June to early July, generally can be cut 4 to 5 times; Alfalfa Harvesting begins at the beginning of April and can be cut 3 times. After another summer, it is cut 1 time. In addition, some complementary varieties can be interplanted, such as bitter leeks, clover, skewers, and other herbs, in order to ensure that there are fresh grass feeding fish every day.
Third, pay attention to matters
1. Ratio of planting grass to fish farming area The area for planting green fodder can be reasonably determined according to the factors such as adult fish yield, the proportion of herbivorous fish, the species yield of green fodder, and the feed coefficient of various green feeds. Generally, 500 kg to 750 kg of adult fish (including 50% to 60% of herbivorous fish) are stocked. Each acre of fish requires 0.3 mu to 0.5 mu of feed land. If purely relying on the cultivation of green feed, it is necessary to provide more; if it can collect part of the natural green feed (such as water grass, dry grass, etc.) and combine with the cultivation of green feed, the area of ​​feed can be less.
2. Timely harvesting of the land to be reserved for planting, generally using fresh grass 1 to 2 times will no longer castrate, let it bolting, flowering, booting, until the seed on the stem is mature You can cut the ear, so that you can follow the harvest, prevent and reduce the shedding of seeds. The seeds received are promptly dried and threshed.
First, the main features
1. Fresh alfalfa yields 3500kg to 4000kg per mu, up to 5000kg for high; 4000mu per mu for Sudan, up to 5000kg to 6500kg for fertility; and up to 7500 for hybrid pennisetum Kilograms ~ 8,000 kilograms; more than ryegrass yield 4000 kg to 5000 kg, up to 7000 kg of fertility.
2. Good quality Alfalfa is known as “Forage Kingâ€. Its protein, minerals and vitamin content are high. Its economic value and palatability are better than other pastures. Sudan grass has soft stems and leaves, good quality, rich nutrition, and high protein content. About 18.6%, and good palatability.
3. Anniversary balance for grass ryegrass sowing in the fall, grass supply in March next year, can make up for lack of green feed in early spring; Sudan grass, hybrid Pennisetum all in June to September herbivorous fish Wang Shi for grass; alfalfa For perennial grasses, grass is supplied from the beginning of April to the end of June each year. After the summer, the grass can be fed again. In addition, when the green feed is surplus, the alfalfa can be dried into grass powder and processed into compound feed for feeding fish.
4. It is beneficial to improve the soil ryegrass, hybrid Pennisetum developed roots, can increase soil organic matter; alfalfa has a nitrogen fixation, can fertilize the soil. Therefore, this method of rational rotation of legumes and grasses is an effective method of fertilizing and improving soil. Alfalfa also has the role of slope protection and prevention of soil erosion.
Second, cultivation technology
1. The sowing date and sowing amount of multi-planting ryegrass should be sown from late August to early September. The sowing or seedling sowing should be used. The amount per mu should be 1.5 kg to 2 kg; the alfalfa can be planted in spring, summer and autumn, and sowing should be adopted. The amount of mu is 0.8 kg to 1 kg; Sudan grass is sown in late March to early June. The amount of mu for use is 2 kg to 3 kg; hybrid pennisetum is planted in the spring and the amount of mu is 0.1 kg to 0.2 kg. Roots and shoots can also be used.
2. Fertilizer and Field Management The amount of fertilizer needed for forage herb varies from species to species. Gramineae need more fertilizer than legumes. For medium fertility soil, Sudan grass is suitable for applying 25 kg to 30 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per acre; ryegrass is suitable for 20 kg to 25 kg; hybrid pennisetum is about 25 kg per acre; alfalfa is mainly applied to phosphate fertilizer, per acre. Apply 25 kg to 40 kg and apply molybdenum and zinc fertilizer appropriately. After each harvest, apply about 5 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer, or apply a certain amount of human and animal dung. Field management is mainly loose soil weeding, long drought watering, ensure the whole seedlings, usually to do a good job of field water system.
3. Harvest time and number of times Harvest time and number of times directly affect the quality and yield of fresh grass. The harvest is too early, although the quality is good, but the output is low; too late, the output is high, but the quality is poor, so it is very important to grasp the appropriate harvest time and frequency. Ryegrass can generally be cut 3 times to 4 times, beginning in mid-April to castration; Sudan grass, hybrid Pennisetum cut in the late June to early July, generally can be cut 4 to 5 times; Alfalfa Harvesting begins at the beginning of April and can be cut 3 times. After another summer, it is cut 1 time. In addition, some complementary varieties can be interplanted, such as bitter leeks, clover, skewers, and other herbs, in order to ensure that there are fresh grass feeding fish every day.
Third, pay attention to matters
1. Ratio of planting grass to fish farming area The area for planting green fodder can be reasonably determined according to the factors such as adult fish yield, the proportion of herbivorous fish, the species yield of green fodder, and the feed coefficient of various green feeds. Generally, 500 kg to 750 kg of adult fish (including 50% to 60% of herbivorous fish) are stocked. Each acre of fish requires 0.3 mu to 0.5 mu of feed land. If purely relying on the cultivation of green feed, it is necessary to provide more; if it can collect part of the natural green feed (such as water grass, dry grass, etc.) and combine with the cultivation of green feed, the area of ​​feed can be less.
2. Timely harvesting of the land to be reserved for planting, generally using fresh grass 1 to 2 times will no longer castrate, let it bolting, flowering, booting, until the seed on the stem is mature You can cut the ear, so that you can follow the harvest, prevent and reduce the shedding of seeds. The seeds received are promptly dried and threshed.
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