China has a long history of keeping dogs, and Pei County Dog Meat is famous both at home and abroad. In recent years, with the deepening of reforms and opening up, people’s material and cultural living standards have improved, fresh and savory dog ​​meat products have gradually embarked on the tables of millions of households. Therefore, large-scale breeding of meat dogs has suddenly emerged in the country, and it has rapidly become industrialized. Advance. However, as a new type of special breeding project, the large-scale breeding of meat dogs has different characteristics and feeding methods from other animals. Only by fully utilizing the dog's special living habits, creating suitable environmental conditions, adopting scientific feeding management techniques, In order to ensure the rapid growth of meat dogs, it is also an effective measure to increase the benefit of raising dogs by increasing the comprehensive development and utilization of dog products (dog brains, dog whips, dog treasures, dog bones, dog skins, etc.). 1 Selection of Meat Dogs There are a wide variety of dogs in the world. There are about 850 kinds of dogs reported, such as wolfhounds, game dogs, hounds, and puppies (also known as terrier breeds), but there is no real one in the world. Special breeds of meat dogs, so the breeding of meat dogs should be based on the advantages of local breeds of resources, extensive development and utilization of hybrid meat dogs. At this point, after years of exploration and cross-fertilization experiments, Peixian Animal Improvement Station has screened the most effective combination of crosses, and selected and optimized superior performance through selection and elimination and cross-fixation. The Peixian local meat dog strains with stable genetic properties: northern Jiangsu, northern Jiangsu, northern Jiangsu, northern Jiangsu yellow. The technical route is: using local yellow dog and big black dog as female parent; using German shepherd dog, Japanese wolf green, black back, Soviet red dog, and Tibetan mastiff as the first male parent to produce the binary crossbreed bitch, and then the appropriate amount. The introduction of large working dogs, such as the Swiss St. Bernard and the Danish Great Dane, as the second male parent, produces three-way crossbreeds and the planned breeding of breeding dogs. Therefore, the choice of binary or three-way hybrid offspring as a meat dog is ideal for feeding, and has the characteristics of large body size, fast growth, high reproductive rate, strong adaptability, resistance to roughage, and easy management. 2 Dogs' construction dogs are very adaptable and their requirements for housing are not too high. For new breeders who have just started to raise meat dogs, they can make full use of the existing housing conditions, such as pig houses and sheep houses, etc. Dogs can be raised. In the new kennels, the environment should be quiet, the terrain should be high and dry, and it should be easy to transport and sell away from the pollution. The kennels should face the south and face the south, and the building is safe and secure. The dog farms are equipped with breeder kennels, young kennels and bred dogs. Homes, as well as dog isolation rooms, medical rooms, feed rooms and offices. The ground of the kennel is best laid with cement, with a certain slope outward, and a drainage ditch is arranged in front of each row of kennels so as to flush the excrement and keep the ground dry and sanitary. The area of ​​the kennel should not be too large. Generally, the required kennel has a practical area of ​​6 to 8 m2 and the activity field is 10 to 12 m2. The remaining kennels are suitable at 10 m2, the internal chamber is 4 m2, the activity field is 6 m2, and the room height is 1.8 m. The height of the partition wall is 1.6 m, and 8 to 10 puppies can be kept. For dog farms, puppies and fattening dogs with better comprehensive conditions, the cage culture method can be used. It has the advantages of hygiene, safety, saving on feed consumption, lightening of labor intensity, full use of space, and three-dimensional culture and space saving. Cage size: length 100 cm, width 80 ~ 90 cm, height 80 ~ 90 cm, cage bottom mesh with 2.5 cm 2.5 cm is appropriate, the material can be drawn on the spot, with bamboo, wood, plastic, iron cage, etc., but It should be cheap, strong and safe. 3 Breeding of meat dogs The breeding of breeding dogs mainly includes species selection, selection, estrus identification, timely breeding, and childbirth. Dogs are seasonal breeding animals. They only heat in the spring and autumn each year. Dogs are single estrus animals. That is, bitches after sexual maturity are estrus only in the spring and autumn breeding seasons. Generally, they are the first time. From March to May, the second time is from September to November. Each estrus duration is 5 to 13 days, an average of 9 days, and 58 to 63 days of gestation, with an average of 60 days. Each year, two babies can be born and 8 to 14 babies are born. The bitch's estrus behavior: nervous excitement, irritability, loss of appetite, cry, eyes bright, vulva swollen, flushing, bleeding red mucus. Artificial trial situation can be used to press the female dog's waist or stroke the tail, such as standing still, the tail lifted to one side, the vulva often open and close, that has reached the peak of estrus, mating desire; met male dog, urinating frequency, The back of the arch raised its tail and loved approaching dogs and was willing to accept mating. It should be noted that the symptoms of estrus in older dogs are not too obvious. Attention should be paid to observation in captive conditions so as not to miss the breeding season. When estrus occurs in a broiler dog, timely breeding should be performed within 10 to 13 days after the first appearance of blood-like secretions or 2 to 3 days after the color of the secretion changes from red to light yellow. To improve the conception rate and increase litter size, breeding The number of times is appropriate, and the interval is 24 to 48 hours. It is best to change one male dog each time. 4 Feed selection and processing The preparation of meat dogs is omnivorous animals. The requirements for the varieties of feeds are not high, but the feeds are based on the principle of complete nutrition, good palatability, and easy digestion and absorption. It is usually composed of vegetable feed, animal feed and mineral feed. Its nutritional standards are: protein 17% to 25%, fat 3% to 7%, fiber 3% to 4.5%, carbohydrate 44% to 49.5%, calcium 1.5% to 1.8%, phosphorus 1.1% to 1.2% and various trace elements and vitamins. The source of plant-based feed should be based on locally available cheap, good-quality, good quality food crops, such as corn, broken rice, bran, sweet potato, potato, bean cakes, green vegetables and so on. Animal feed can choose fishmeal, blood meal, livestock waste (viscera, intestine), cocoon, hairy eggs, fish miscellaneous and so on. The mineral feed is salt, bone meal, stone powder, calcium phosphate, and trace element additives containing copper, manganese, cobalt, iodine, zinc, selenium, etc. In addition, under the premise of meeting the nutritional needs, we must strictly consider the production costs and economic benefits. For other cereals, leftovers, canteen abandoned food, food processing waste, etc. can be used as meat dog dietary raw materials. The purpose of feed modulation is to improve palatability, preserve or improve its nutritional value, and require that: health, nutrition, dogs love to eat, digestible, not wasted. Since dogs cannot digest raw starch like pigs and other omnivorous animals, starchy feeds should be cooked (cooked). Although animal feeds can be fed raw, they must be cooked to prevent infections such as bacteria and parasites. Only after feeding. Modulator type, can be boiled into a porridge or made of steamed buns, vitamin additives and leafy foods can be added after the feed is cold, high temperature cooking is strictly prohibited. The ratio of feed should be properly matched according to different growth and development stages of meat dogs, and appropriate adjustments should be made according to the source of feed and the effects of feeding. (Reference formula) 1 puppies: corn flour, broken rice, wheat flour 40%, bean cake 15%, bran 5%, potato 15%, vegetable 5%, fish meal, fish miscellaneous, animal viscera total 20%, salt 0.3 %, trace elements, and vitamins. 2 young dogs: wheat flour, corn flour 50%, 15% bran, rice bran 5%, bean cake 15%, fish meal and animal waste 8%, bone meal 3%, salt, auxin 0.5%, leafy vegetables amount. 3 fattening dogs: corn flour, broken rice, wheat flour, a total of 50%, bran 20%, rice bran 10%, soybean cake 10% (available vegetable instead of 5%), animal fats, blood meal 1%, fish meal 4%, bone meal 2% , salt, auxin 0.5%, green feed 2%. Feed water, material pots separately. Feeding should be regular, qualitative, drinking water should be clean, free to drink, and to ensure adequate supply. Feeding times: Zizi and fattening dogs are at least 3 to 4 times a day. Young dogs and breeders are fed once a day in the morning and at night. In breeding seasons, stud dogs should be fed once. The daily feeding amount should be determined according to the weight of the meat dog, which is generally 2.5% of the body weight. 5 Management points 5.1 Do a good job in sanitation, strengthen disinfection, clean the toilets every day, remove the excrement at any time, and thoroughly disinfect the pens and drinking utensils every 7-10 days. The shed is commonly used for disinfection: 3% to 5% sur Sol solution, 10% to 20% bleach solution, 0.3% to 0.5% peroxy acetic acid solution, and other poisons, poisonous enemies, potassium permanganate (PP) Powder) and so on. Sterilization of drinking utensils can be boiled for 20 minutes. It can also be soaked with 0.1% benzalkonium bromide for 20 minutes, or 1:800 with Weidao disinfectant or 84 disinfectant for 5 minutes, and finally rinsed with clean water. 5.2 create conditions to maintain the appropriate temperature and humidity kennel standard temperature in the winter 13 ~ 15 °C, summer 21 ~ 24 °C, relative humidity to maintain at 50% ~ 60% is appropriate. The optimum temperature for puppies should be maintained at 7 to 14 days at 26 to 29°C and 15 to 22 days at 23 to 26°C. 5.3 Strengthen breeder management, improve breeding performance. Male and female breeders should be raised in a single circle and exercise in appropriate amounts. The breeding of male dogs should be adequately nutritious, but the volume should not be too large to prevent the formation of grass, affect the use of breeding. Pregnant bitches should avoid strenuous exercise, decline visits, reduce stress, and prevent miscarriage. During the second trimester of pregnancy, the breast can be scrubbed with warm water and soapy water every few days, massaged, and wiped dry with a towel. Breeding dogs should always be regularly combed, brush test, summer bathing or medicine bath (0.3% killing spirit or 0.4% trichlorfon solution). 5.4 Improving the management level of puppies and raising the survival rate should be to keep warm and cold, eat enough colostrum, fix the teats, observe carefully, and properly sunbathe and exercise. 3 to 5 days after birth, the puppies can enjoy sunbathing with the bitches on a clear and windless day. The sun can be used twice a day for 20 to 30 minutes. After 20 days of birth, the mother can enter the activity hall with the bitches. . In addition, puppies will open their eyes on their own 10 to 15 days after birth and must not be forced to open. 6 Regular pest repellency and epidemic prevention The current biggest enemies faced by livestock dogs are infectious diseases, followed by parasites. These epidemics often cause massive disease and rapid death of meat dogs, which is a key issue in the success of large-scale breeding dogs. Deworming: puppies born 20 to 25 days to the first deworming, insect repellent once a month later. Adults will deworm once every quarter. Insect inspection (laboratory microscopy) should be performed before deworming, and appropriate insect repellent drugs should be selected based on the results of the excrement to enhance the insect repellent effect. Dog mites, dog hookworms: levamisole 100 mg/kg body weight, orally, or mebendazole 100 mg/kg body weight, twice daily for 2 days, or piperazine citrate 100 mg/kg Oral weight. Dog Aphid: Ambrisbene imidazole (resistance-sensitive) 55 mg/kg body weight, orally, or niclosamide (Xantuanling) 150 mg/kg body weight, once orally. Canine Coccidiosis: Furans and sulfonamides are the most effective drugs. Dogs: The affected area should be brushed with warm water first, and after removal of the dirt and diseased skin, use 5% deltamethrin 50PPM or thalamiphos 125-250PPM, or diazinon (Baijing) 2 000-4000PPM, or 0.4% Trichlorfon, or 0.1% to 0.2% insecticidal lice, or sulfur ointment rubbed the affected area. Immunization procedure: 42-45 days old dog fever fever (preferably attenuated vaccine and killed vaccine used together) immunization, 52 to 56 days old canine parvovirus immunization, 62 to 65 days old dog triple immunity (dog) Heat, Canine Parvovirus, Canine Infectious Hepatitis, or Canine Vaccine (Canine Distemper, Canine Parvovirus, Canine Infectious Hepatitis, Rabies, Canine Parainfluenza). After the first year of immunization, one or two triple vaccines or five vaccines are injected each year. Pregnancy bitches can be boosted once in the first 15 days of labor to increase the concentration of maternal antibodies and enhance the resistance of puppies. For puppies within 2 months of age, because the immune function is not yet complete, the prevention of epidemics with triple or five-joint seedlings can not produce a complete immune response, so the best prevention of puppies is based on single seedlings. Since the large-scale breeding of meat dogs is a new topic under the new situation, there is no complete, series, and standard feeding mode such as feeding broilers and pigs. Therefore, only by studying and thinking and exploring, can the dog industry be improved. The overall level.
Nonwoven Products, Non Woven Washing Gloves, Disposable Bed-sheet
NINGBO EVERGRAND HEALTHCARE GROUP CO.,LTD , http://www.cehcare.com