As the main vegetable people consume, tomato has been recognized by medical experts as human health food. In order to ensure the quality of its products, its cultivation techniques are summarized as follows:
First, environmental conditions require deep soil, well-drained chernozem, organic matter content of more than 2%, soil pH value of about 7, it should meet the environmental requirements of green food production environment.
Second, species selection and seed treatment should be based on local conditions, select high-yield, high-quality, pest-resistant varieties. It should be selected from the Beijing Red Hybrid cultivated by the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dongnong 706 from the Northeast Agricultural University, the Qiyan Dwarf Powder from the Qiqihar Vegetable Research Institute, and the Lisheng 1 and other hybrids from the Liaoning Provincial Seed Company to ensure the frost Fully mature before. The purity of the selected hybrids was not less than 95% and the clarity was not less than 98%; the germination rate was over 90%, and the water content was not higher than 12%.
15 days before sowing, drying for 2 days.
The seeds were soaked in warm water of 55°C for 25 minutes, and then quickly cooled in a cold water to make the bacteria adhered to the surface of the seeds die due to the high temperature sudden temperature. The treated seeds were soaked in warm water for 8-12 hours. The soaked seeds were removed and put on the gauze and placed under the conditions of 28-30°C to germinate. After 36 hours, all the seeds germinated.
Third, seedlings and seedlings seedlings field selection of pollution-free, flat terrain, sunny leeward, well-drained, soil-neutral garden for nursery fields, nursery fields should be fixed for a long time, fertilize year after year to eliminate weeds and pests.
The middle shed is 1.5 meters wide and 10-12 meters long. The shed is 5 meters wide and 30-40 meters long.
The nursery beds are all made of beds on the ground. Generally, they are made in the autumn, and the bed is 5–10 cm higher than the ground. The seedbed soil is used as bed, and the bed soil must be sterilized to kill the eggs. Weeding can be used only after weeding. The seedling bed was sown when the average daily temperature was stable at 5-6°C, ie from April 5th to 10th, and seedbed water was poured one time before sowing.
Adhere to precision seeding, germination rate of more than 90%, seed germination 20-30 grams per square meter.
After sowing seeds, the thickness of the cover soil is 0.5-1.0 cm, and the nursery bed is closed immediately.
Fourth, seedling management sowing until emergence to seal insulation. After the second leaf stage, the temperature in the inspection shed cannot exceed 28°C. Above 28°C, small ventilation should be started at the end of the shed. With the gradual increase of outside air temperature, we must appropriately increase the number of vents, and control the temperature in the shed at 20-25°C to prevent burning of seedlings. When the seedlings reach 30°C, the seedlings can be peeled off during the day and the film can be frozen at night. The sudden cold can be covered with cold insulation.
Seedlings generally do not water, keep the shed can be moist. If there is water shortage in the seedbed, appropriate amount of water will be replenished. Water supply during seedling stage can promote root development.
When the seedlings are ventilated and regulated, the weeds on the seedbeds are often manually weeded.
Raise the water before raising the seedlings and lift the seedlings with a flat plate, with 2 cm soil.
5. Fertilizer Fertilizers with 50-60 tons of high-quality farmhouse fertilizers per hectare, mineral fertilizers, and 450 kilograms of phosphate rock powder per hectare shall comply with the requirements for the requirements of the guidelines for the use of green food and fertilizers, and be used in combination with one-time application of soil preparation. When top dressing begins, the topdressing fertilizer is combined with watering to grow fertilizer. Fertilizers that meet the guidelines for the use of green foods and fertilizers should be used, such as 10 kg to 12.5 kg of urea and 3 kg to 5 kg of potassium sulfate per acre. After the second fruit is caught, it is combined with water to chase the quick-acting fertilizer or organic fertilizer and used alternately. Per mu of compound fertilizer 10 kg - 15 kg.
6. Pest Control Pesticides: Pesticides that comply with the guidelines for the use of pesticides for green foods should be used, such as 0.360% matrine aqueous solution, 936.7 - 2250 ml/ha (2.81 - 6.75 g active ingredient) spray or 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 150 - 225 g/ha spray.
Tomato late blight: Pesticides that comply with the guidelines for the use of pesticides in green foods should be used, such as 72.2% Precliant diluted spray from 879.2 to 1500 grams per hectare.
Tomato early blight: pesticides that comply with the guidelines for the use of green food pesticides should be used, such as 50% acetaminophen WP 750-1500 grams per hectare, the initial incidence of spraying.
Tomato virus disease: At the beginning of the disease, pesticides that meet the requirements of the guidelines for the use of green food pesticides should be used, such as 20% virus A WP 2.25-3.0 kg/ha, or 2% NINGNAN MEM water 4.5-6.0 kg/ha. Spray evenly.
Tomato Botrytis cinerea: Pesticides that comply with the guidelines for the use of pesticides for green foods should be used, such as 50% Suo Ke Ling Wettable Powder 750-1500 g/ha or 40% Shi Jiale Suspending Agent 937.5-1406.3 g/ha spray control.
VII. Selection and selection of soil The land with deep tillage, high fertility, water retention and fertilizer retention, and well-drained land should be selected. For the former, soybean, corn, and sorghum that do not use highly toxic and high residual pesticides should be selected. Tomato cultivation generally takes more than four years to ensure that tomatoes grow well. Rotations: soybeans → tomato → sorghum → corn; grains → corn → tomatoes ....
Daejeong site preparation practice autumn tumbling autumn ridge, turning deep 15-20 centimeters. Rotary ploughing can also be carried out, combined with rotation, leveling and rinsing.
The daily average temperature began to settle at 10-13°C, beginning in mid-May and ending in late May. When planting, you need water.
The tomato was cultivated on a single row with large ridges and the row spacing was 3070 cm.
After transplanting due to human factors and other factors caused by the lack of seedlings in the field, should be timely replanting to ensure the seedlings.
Three spades and three spades are required. Tomatoes will form a large number of adventitious roots in the growing season and fully absorb the fertilizer and water. Therefore, we must continue shoveling to promote the formation of adventitious roots and weeding at the same time.
Tomatoes have many branching habits, pruning is to artificially regulate the relationship between plant growth and fruit development, so as to obtain high yield. Generally, it can be single or double dry half pruning.
When tomatoes grow vigorously, they need to absorb a large amount of water and fertilizer from the soil. At this time, if drought occurs in the field and the yield will be affected, timely irrigation should be performed. Irrigation should be carried out in the sunny morning. The irrigation method is to fill rows and rows. Fruit should increase the amount of irrigation.
VIII. Harvesting When the field has 50% full fruit red, it can be harvested. When harvesting, the whole fruit should be red, no spots, no cracks, and the fruit size should be uniform. The tools used in the harvesting process should be clean and without Pollution, packaging materials to be clean, strong, breathable, non-polluting, no smell, so that the net vegetable market. Small fruit should be harvested separately so as not to affect quality.
First, environmental conditions require deep soil, well-drained chernozem, organic matter content of more than 2%, soil pH value of about 7, it should meet the environmental requirements of green food production environment.
Second, species selection and seed treatment should be based on local conditions, select high-yield, high-quality, pest-resistant varieties. It should be selected from the Beijing Red Hybrid cultivated by the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dongnong 706 from the Northeast Agricultural University, the Qiyan Dwarf Powder from the Qiqihar Vegetable Research Institute, and the Lisheng 1 and other hybrids from the Liaoning Provincial Seed Company to ensure the frost Fully mature before. The purity of the selected hybrids was not less than 95% and the clarity was not less than 98%; the germination rate was over 90%, and the water content was not higher than 12%.
15 days before sowing, drying for 2 days.
The seeds were soaked in warm water of 55°C for 25 minutes, and then quickly cooled in a cold water to make the bacteria adhered to the surface of the seeds die due to the high temperature sudden temperature. The treated seeds were soaked in warm water for 8-12 hours. The soaked seeds were removed and put on the gauze and placed under the conditions of 28-30°C to germinate. After 36 hours, all the seeds germinated.
Third, seedlings and seedlings seedlings field selection of pollution-free, flat terrain, sunny leeward, well-drained, soil-neutral garden for nursery fields, nursery fields should be fixed for a long time, fertilize year after year to eliminate weeds and pests.
The middle shed is 1.5 meters wide and 10-12 meters long. The shed is 5 meters wide and 30-40 meters long.
The nursery beds are all made of beds on the ground. Generally, they are made in the autumn, and the bed is 5–10 cm higher than the ground. The seedbed soil is used as bed, and the bed soil must be sterilized to kill the eggs. Weeding can be used only after weeding. The seedling bed was sown when the average daily temperature was stable at 5-6°C, ie from April 5th to 10th, and seedbed water was poured one time before sowing.
Adhere to precision seeding, germination rate of more than 90%, seed germination 20-30 grams per square meter.
After sowing seeds, the thickness of the cover soil is 0.5-1.0 cm, and the nursery bed is closed immediately.
Fourth, seedling management sowing until emergence to seal insulation. After the second leaf stage, the temperature in the inspection shed cannot exceed 28°C. Above 28°C, small ventilation should be started at the end of the shed. With the gradual increase of outside air temperature, we must appropriately increase the number of vents, and control the temperature in the shed at 20-25°C to prevent burning of seedlings. When the seedlings reach 30°C, the seedlings can be peeled off during the day and the film can be frozen at night. The sudden cold can be covered with cold insulation.
Seedlings generally do not water, keep the shed can be moist. If there is water shortage in the seedbed, appropriate amount of water will be replenished. Water supply during seedling stage can promote root development.
When the seedlings are ventilated and regulated, the weeds on the seedbeds are often manually weeded.
Raise the water before raising the seedlings and lift the seedlings with a flat plate, with 2 cm soil.
5. Fertilizer Fertilizers with 50-60 tons of high-quality farmhouse fertilizers per hectare, mineral fertilizers, and 450 kilograms of phosphate rock powder per hectare shall comply with the requirements for the requirements of the guidelines for the use of green food and fertilizers, and be used in combination with one-time application of soil preparation. When top dressing begins, the topdressing fertilizer is combined with watering to grow fertilizer. Fertilizers that meet the guidelines for the use of green foods and fertilizers should be used, such as 10 kg to 12.5 kg of urea and 3 kg to 5 kg of potassium sulfate per acre. After the second fruit is caught, it is combined with water to chase the quick-acting fertilizer or organic fertilizer and used alternately. Per mu of compound fertilizer 10 kg - 15 kg.
6. Pest Control Pesticides: Pesticides that comply with the guidelines for the use of pesticides for green foods should be used, such as 0.360% matrine aqueous solution, 936.7 - 2250 ml/ha (2.81 - 6.75 g active ingredient) spray or 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 150 - 225 g/ha spray.
Tomato late blight: Pesticides that comply with the guidelines for the use of pesticides in green foods should be used, such as 72.2% Precliant diluted spray from 879.2 to 1500 grams per hectare.
Tomato early blight: pesticides that comply with the guidelines for the use of green food pesticides should be used, such as 50% acetaminophen WP 750-1500 grams per hectare, the initial incidence of spraying.
Tomato virus disease: At the beginning of the disease, pesticides that meet the requirements of the guidelines for the use of green food pesticides should be used, such as 20% virus A WP 2.25-3.0 kg/ha, or 2% NINGNAN MEM water 4.5-6.0 kg/ha. Spray evenly.
Tomato Botrytis cinerea: Pesticides that comply with the guidelines for the use of pesticides for green foods should be used, such as 50% Suo Ke Ling Wettable Powder 750-1500 g/ha or 40% Shi Jiale Suspending Agent 937.5-1406.3 g/ha spray control.
VII. Selection and selection of soil The land with deep tillage, high fertility, water retention and fertilizer retention, and well-drained land should be selected. For the former, soybean, corn, and sorghum that do not use highly toxic and high residual pesticides should be selected. Tomato cultivation generally takes more than four years to ensure that tomatoes grow well. Rotations: soybeans → tomato → sorghum → corn; grains → corn → tomatoes ....
Daejeong site preparation practice autumn tumbling autumn ridge, turning deep 15-20 centimeters. Rotary ploughing can also be carried out, combined with rotation, leveling and rinsing.
The daily average temperature began to settle at 10-13°C, beginning in mid-May and ending in late May. When planting, you need water.
The tomato was cultivated on a single row with large ridges and the row spacing was 3070 cm.
After transplanting due to human factors and other factors caused by the lack of seedlings in the field, should be timely replanting to ensure the seedlings.
Three spades and three spades are required. Tomatoes will form a large number of adventitious roots in the growing season and fully absorb the fertilizer and water. Therefore, we must continue shoveling to promote the formation of adventitious roots and weeding at the same time.
Tomatoes have many branching habits, pruning is to artificially regulate the relationship between plant growth and fruit development, so as to obtain high yield. Generally, it can be single or double dry half pruning.
When tomatoes grow vigorously, they need to absorb a large amount of water and fertilizer from the soil. At this time, if drought occurs in the field and the yield will be affected, timely irrigation should be performed. Irrigation should be carried out in the sunny morning. The irrigation method is to fill rows and rows. Fruit should increase the amount of irrigation.
VIII. Harvesting When the field has 50% full fruit red, it can be harvested. When harvesting, the whole fruit should be red, no spots, no cracks, and the fruit size should be uniform. The tools used in the harvesting process should be clean and without Pollution, packaging materials to be clean, strong, breathable, non-polluting, no smell, so that the net vegetable market. Small fruit should be harvested separately so as not to affect quality.
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