Jingdong chestnut is suitable for growing in the area along the Great Wall south of Yanshan Mountain, Hebei Province. Affected by soil characteristics and fertilization imbalance, Jingdong chestnut may have excess or lack of some nutrients, affecting tree growth, and even affecting yield and nut quality.
1 Nutritional effects and symptoms of disorders
1.1 Nitrogen Spring Chestnut consumption in the growth phase of the most nitrogen, spring nitrogen benefit the growth of new shoots, so that leaves thick green, increase photosynthetic capacity, promote flower bud differentiation and fruit development, can significantly increase production. When the nitrogen is insufficient, the chestnut shoots grow poorly, and they are prone to secondary growth. The photosynthetic capacity is reduced, the leaves are yellowish green, the old leaves are dry and fall off, and the female flowers are not easy to grow. The empty pods are more, the chestnuts are not well developed, and the fruit becomes smaller, even Lead to fruit drop, seriously affecting production. Excessive nitrogen at the later stage will cause the shoots to grow long, affecting the filling of branches and flower bud differentiation. The nut meat is loose, the quality is deteriorating and perishable, and sometimes the secondary growth produces secondary flowers and fruits, but the fruits cannot mature and affect the yield in the second year.
1.2 Phosphorus Chestnut has less absorption of phosphorus before flowering, from flowering to harvesting, and absorbs more. Phosphorus can promote the occurrence and growth of new roots, promote flower bud differentiation and fruit development, increase yield and quality, and increase tree drought resistance and cold resistance. ability. When phosphorus is insufficient, chestnut branches become thin, lateral branches are short, female flower differentiation is difficult, chestnut development is poor, and the yield and quality are seriously affected, and the cold resistance and drought resistance are weakened. When phosphorus is excessive, the leaves become smaller and the veins between the veins become chlorotic. The growth of the leaves is seriously affected, even small holes appear, and the chestnuts become smaller, which seriously affects the yield and the quality of chestnuts.
1.3 Potassium can absorb most potassium from chestnut enlargement to harvesting. Potassium promotes photosynthesis of leaves, promotes thick growth of branches, promotes cell division and enlargement, enlarges chestnuts, improves their quality and tolerance. Storage. In the Yanshan chestnut production area, the general performance of potassium deficiency, the symptoms are: the first leaf disease, can be gradually extended to the new leaves, the final performance of the whole plant or the whole garden disease, in terms of a single leaf, first from the lateral vein tip or Yellow veins appear between the lateral veins, which turn brown after the macula, and the brown spots gradually enlarge. The corrugated type expands toward the main vein and the front part of the scorch section is yellow. According to the severity of the disease, it can cause a reduction in production in different degrees, and severe gardens can reduce production by more than 30%.
1.4 Boron-boron is an essential and important trace element in the pollination and fertilization process of chestnut. When boron is insufficient, pollination and fertilization are affected, resulting in premature abortion of the embryo, increasing the rate of empty maggots and decreasing yield. When the amount of boron is excessive, the leaves on the marginal side of the leaves yellow, causing yellow spots, and then become brown, the brown spots gradually expand, and even the corrugated type expands toward the main vein. Severe garden flakes can cause whole leaf scorch and chestnuts to become smaller. Severely reduced production, the entire leaf is rewinded downwards or upwards, exposed to sunlight, and the front of the scorch section is a yellow bright line.
2 Nutritional maladjustment methods
2.1 Adding organic fertilizer, reasonable and rational fertilization After harvesting, apply high-quality decomposed organic fertilizer, sapling and initial result tree, apply 20-30kg per plant, and apply 2,000-3000kg per 667m2 of fruit trees. According to the National Standard of Fertilizer for the Chestnut High Yield Forest, Medium Fertility Chestnut Garden, for every 100kg of chestnut fruit produced, pure nitrogen (in N) 4.0kg, pure phosphorus (P2O5 basis) 1.5kg, pure potassium (in K2O) 2.0 Kg. Based on the content of active ingredients of different fertilizers and the utilization of crops, the amount of fertilizer needed can be calculated using the Stanford formula. In the case of ignoring soil nutrients, topdressing amount = (the required amount of the target yield - base fertilizer to provide nutrients) / (fertilizer utilization of fertilizer nutrient content).
2.2 Treatment of Nitrogen Deficiency The main focus of the nitrogen supply is the early stage, before the emergence of new shoots or when the new shoots begin to grow. The application of nitrogen fertilizer is the main method, and 0.3% urea can also be sprayed once when the leaves are deployed.
2.3 Phosphorus imbalance treatment Apply fruit fertilizer during fruit enlargement to promote fruit plumpness and increase single grain weight. It can spray 0.1-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate twice a day before harvesting.
2.4 Treatment of Potassium Disorders In view of actual production, potassium fertilizer should be applied to the Yanshan chestnut production area. The annual application of potassium should be 20g (K2O) per square meter of canopy projected area, and 0.1-0.3% phosphoric acid must be sprayed twice a month before harvest. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate can play the same role as phosphorus and potassium.
2.5 Treatment of boron imbalance For boron-deficient gardens, borax can be applied in combination with pre-emergence topdressing. Borax per square meter of projected area is applied with 10-15 g of borax. It is also possible to apply 0.3% borax at the flowering stage. Boron excess should be stopped, boron should be stopped, and the conditional disc can replace the soil within 80cm of the tree plate. After the tree returns to normal, the boron is applied once every three years. The application amount is calculated as the projected area of ​​the crown per square meter. Not more than 15g.
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