Straw returning to the field is an effective way to deal with the problem of straw, but the straw can not be broken down in time, which is the biggest problem hindering the promotion of this technology. What actually affects the decomposition of returned straw?
First of all, when C/N ratio straw with a large C/N ratio is applied to the farmland, the soil microorganisms will have sufficient carbon sources for decomposition activities, and the amount of nitrogen will be insufficient. The microbial decomposition activity must have carbon and nitrogen balance conditions. For this reason, soil microorganisms need to Competition for nitrogen in the soil presents a hunger phenomenon of soil nitrogen, affecting the growth of crops and seedlings. In order to overcome this phenomenon, it is necessary to take nitrogen supplement measures when returning the field, and it is possible to add the golden treasure microbial agent to regulate the carbon-nitrogen balance and promote decomposition. It has been reported that the addition of a certain amount of ammonia to the straw when it is returned to the field can reduce the accumulation of nitrate and the loss of nitrogen. In addition, a certain amount of lime nitrogen can be added to promote the decomposition of organic nitrides.
Secondly, in order to ensure the effect of overturning in straw processing, it is advisable to chop the straw to a length of 5 to 10 cm. The reason is that the first finely divided pieces increase water absorption and water retention capacity, which is conducive to the decomposition of straw by gargoyles; secondly, it can increase the contact area with the soil and facilitate decomposition. On the other hand, if it is directly overturned (without shredding), it not only delays the decomposition time, it is also not conducive to soil conservation, reduces the quality of soil preparation, and affects the emergence rate.
Again, water and temperature conditions: Straw burial into the soil, the mineralization and humification of the fast and slow speed is mainly determined by the moisture and temperature. Under normal circumstances, when the temperature is about 27°C and the soil moisture content accounts for 55% to 75% of the field water holding capacity, the decomposition rate of straw in the golden treasure microorganism is the fastest; when the soil temperature is too low, the soil moisture content is less than the field holding. When the amount of water is 20%, the decomposition is almost stopped.
Finally, there is a particular emphasis on returning fields: Straw should be returned to the field for a reasonable period of time. On the one hand, it is necessary to avoid the peak of the decomposition of toxic substances in order to reduce the harm to crops and improve the effect of field return. Generally, paddy fields are often returned to the field 40 days before sowing. In the dry field, 30 days before sowing should be suitable. On the other hand, the moisture content of straw should also be taken into consideration. When the straw is returned to the field, the water content of the straw should be not less than 35%. If it is too dry, it will not be easily decomposed, which will affect the returning effect. In addition, the water content of the soil should be mastered, which is an important environmental factor that determines the carbon release and nitrogen loss in the straw. It is generally better to turn over about 65% of the total soil water holding capacity. In this way, Kimberbe's microbial fermentation aids can be used to maximize their effectiveness and achieve a multiplier effect.
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