In the storage and storage of Chinese herbal medicine, due to factors such as the surrounding environment and natural conditions, mold, rotting, discoloration, and oil leaching often occur, resulting in deterioration of the medicinal materials and affecting or losing efficacy. Therefore, Chinese herbal medicines must be stored and kept in order to ensure the quality and efficacy of the herbs.
(a) Anti-mildew medicine:
There are a large number of mold spores in the atmosphere, such as scattered on the surface of medicinal materials, at the appropriate temperature (about 25 °C) humidity (relative humidity in the air above 85% or moisture content of herbs more than 15%) and suitable environment (such as dark In places where no phoenix is ​​available), under sufficient nutrient conditions, germinate into mycelium, secrete enzymes, decompose and dissolve herbs to spoil the medicinal materials, and produce stench and odor.
Therefore, the important measure of anti-mildew is to ensure the drying of the medicinal materials, moisture proofing, heat protection, and ventilation after the human body is stored. The medicinal materials that are already mildewed can be easily removed by mild brushing, drying, etc. , wine, etc. After washing and drying.
(b) Anti-insect medicine:
Insect mites have a great influence on medicinal materials, and the prevention and elimination of insect pests are mainly for the storage and storage of medicinal material warehouses, mainly using chloropicrin, aluminum phosphide and other chemical agents for fumigation and insecticide. For the small amount of preserved medicinal materials in the pharmacy, in addition to insecticide, the following methods can be used to prevent insects.
1. Sealing method:
- Generally sealed according to the parts, can use an appropriate container, with wax or blood material sealing, heat afraid of medicine can be used dry sand or rice pot buried sealed, precious herbs, can be filled with carbon dioxide or nitrogen seal.
2. Refrigeration method:
The temperature is about 5 °C, which is not easy to insects, so you can use cold cellar, cold storage and other drying and refrigeration.
3. Opposition law:
These are two traditional methods and are suitable for a small number of medicinal herbs. Such as Alisma and Dan with the storage, Alisma no insects, paeonol does not change color, put the snake in the yak pepper, pilose antler put camphor, melon quail, gentleman oysters in the release of wine, etc. are not insects.
(3) Other deterioration of medicinal materials
1. Discoloration:
The discoloration caused by the enzyme, such as the phenolic hydroxyl group in the structure of the constituents in the medicinal material, is oxidized and polymerized under the action of the enzyme, forming a colored compound of macromolecules and discoloring the medicinal material; such as containing flavonoids, hydroxyl groups. The medicinal materials such as quails and tannins are easily discolored. Non-enzymatic causes of discoloration are more complex, either due to the decomposition of sugars and sugar acids contained in the medicinal materials to furfural and similar compounds, condensation with some nitrogenous compounds to brown pigments, or amino acids in proteins contained in medicinal herbs and restitution The role of sugar, the formation of macromolecular brown material, so that the color of herbs. In addition, some external factors such as temperature, humidity, sunlight, oxygen, insecticides and more are related to the speed of discoloration. Therefore, to prevent the discoloration of medicinal materials, it is often necessary to dry, avoid light, and refrigerate.
2. Pan oil:
Pan-oil refers to the oily substance of the oil-containing medicinal material on the surface of the medicinal material and the moisture-like and discolored surface of some medicinal materials. The former include Boziren, almonds, peach kernels, Yuliren (including fatty oil), and angelica. Cinnamon (containing volatile oil), the latter such as Asparagus, baby ginseng, Poria, etc. (sugar-containing). In addition to the loss of oil constituents, medicinal oils are often associated with deteriorating phenomena of medicinal materials. The main method of preventing “flooding†is to store them in refrigeration and darkness.
In addition, if the Chinese herbal medicine is naturally decomposed due to chemical constituents, it cannot be stored for a long time due to volatilization or sublimation, and it should be noted that the storage period is very long. Others, such as long-term storage of rosin, in the solubility of petroleum ether, alum, Glauber's salt storage and easy weathering dehydration, digitalis, ergot long-term storage of effective ingredients such as decomposition.
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