Edible Fungus rice rotation is an ecologically efficient new cultivation mode, mainly including three modes of black fungus, mushroom, shiitake and rice rotation. The new model demonstrates and promotes innovation and breakthroughs based on edible fungus production technologies, such as the success of the new technology of black fungus on behalf of materials, the creation of a new model of semi-submerged cultivation of mushrooms, the development of mushrooms in winter fields, and the stabilization of food in our province. Under the premise of production, the background of deepening the adjustment of agricultural structure and the development of efficient agriculture are closely related.
The new model of black fungus and rice rotation has been applied since 2003. Yunhe, Longquan, and Jingning are now popularized. The annual promotion area is over 5,000 mu, and the amount of black fungus is 50 million bags. The output value exceeds 100 million yuan. The mushroom and rice rotation began in Pingyang at the end of the 1990s. Apart from not competing with grain, it has the advantages of less investment in traditional mushroom cultivation, lighter labor intensity, fewer bacteria, less pests and diseases, and good quality. Now Pingyang County has become our province. One of the most advantageous production areas for mushrooms, with an annual cultivation volume of 10 million square feet. The new mode of semi-underground cultivation of mushroom and rice rotation was invented in 1991 by Yunhe County Edible Mushroom Science and Technology personnel. It was mainly used in Yunhe, Songyang, Longquan and Jiangxi, Anhui, and Jiangsu. The annual application volume exceeded 1.5. Billion bags.
First, the pattern of edible fungus and rice crop rotation, collocation and collocation form, can be flexibly selected according to the actual situation of the local, now introduce three main modes:
Mode I: Single-season rice (or double-season rice) + mushroom mode, mushroom cultivation, there are three kinds of single-layer cultivation bed, half layer (one layer) cultivation bed and three layers of low-shed cultivation bed.
Mode II: single-season rice (or double-season rice) + black fungus model.
Mode 3: Single-season rice + Semi-underground cultivation of mushrooms.
Early rice is generally planted in early May. Late rice is harvested in late October. Mushrooms are sown at the end of October to mid-November each year. The harvest time is from late November to the following May. The black-eared fungus cultivation section of the surrogate was planted at the end of October to the beginning of November. The harvest time was from mid-late November to the end of April. The shiitake mushrooms will be staged in October. After the harvest is completed in May, the entire cultivation field can be planted and transplanted. After harvesting rice in the fall, the mushrooms will continue to be cultivated.
II. PRINCIPLE AND PRINCIPLE The principle and basis of low-temperature edible fungus and rice rotation are complementary to each other, so as to make full use of the land resources and light-temperature resources of winter free-field after rice production. Rice and mushrooms, black fungus, mushrooms and other edible fungi in the production of seasonal arrangements, the temperature requirements of a high one, the rice growth period requires a higher accumulated temperature, and the differentiation of edible Fruit body development temperature requirements lower . The nutritional requirements complement each other. For example, straw is the main raw material for cultivation of mushrooms, and the residue after cultivation of edible fungi can be processed into high-quality organic fertilizers. It can also be used as fertilizer for rice growth.
Third, the key technologies
1. The rice field planting season for rice cultivation is from early May to the end of October. Early rice was planted in early May and harvested in mid-July; late rice was planted at the end of July and harvested in late October. Single-season rice production has no special requirements. Mushrooms such as black fungus, mushrooms and shiitake mushrooms are produced using non-rice production seasons from November to early May.
1 black fungus rice pattern. The black fungus cultivation is divided into autumn and spring planting, and the autumn cultivation is based on the altitude of mid-July to the end of September. Bags, inoculation, indoor bacterial culture, from the end of October to early November (temperature 15°C to 25°C during the stage) Ears from early November to mid-April; spring cultivation (for alpine regions only) from November to December for bagging, inoculation, and cultivation, ears in March in the following year, and single-season rice after the end of May and early June.
2 mushroom rice pattern. In the 15-25 days before the harvest of the late rice, the mushroom cultivation material pile is completed in October, the late rice is harvested and the whole planting is carried out, and the mushroom shed is set up and the material is spread and sown. The time difference is used to make full use of the mushroom, and from November to April, During the mushrooming period, double-season rice or single-season rice production can be arranged from May to October.
3 mushroom rice rotation model. From August to September, the mushrooms are bagged, inoculated, and cultivated until mid-November, using semi-subterranean cultivation. After the harvest of the mushrooms in May, the entire cultivation field can be tilled and transplanted. After harvesting rice in the autumn, the mushroom cultivation continues. .
2. Technology Key 1 The key technology of black fungus substitute cultivation is puncture, culturing and open-air ostentation. After the mycelium has penetrated the ear stick, a puncture hole will be made and the bag will be unearthed. Generally, the hole is 2-3mm thick and the hole depth is 5mm. 2-2.5 inch garden nails can be used to make holes in the nail plate; 9-10 rows of fungus bars per bag, 100-110 holes are appropriate. After the holes are laid, use “△†or “well†characters for stacking to facilitate heat dissipation and air circulation. At the same time, good ventilation and light conditions are created to restore mycelium and physiological maturity. If the bag-free puncture hole is not out of ear, then the hole is 4mm in size, the hole depth is 5mm, and the number of holes is 130 or so. The puncture culture time is generally 7-10 days. After the bacterium has a small amount of ear buds, the air temperature stabilizes below 25°C, and it is exposed in the open air and receives natural light. The ear stick is best to use a bamboo stick to leave the ground to facilitate ventilation and prevent pollution.
2 The key technology of mushrooms is water management. Mushrooms are bacteria that come from the water. The high quality and high yield cannot be separated from scientific water transfer. The moisture needed for mushroom growth mainly comes from the culture material, and the suitable moisture content when the culture material is fed is 60%~65%; followed by the water sprayed on the soil and space, mainly including mushroom water, mushroom water, and tidal water. Wait. Water management adopts the principle of spraying more water from autumn to winter and spring mushroom from less to more. In terms of water skills, we should do “eight viewsâ€: look at varieties, see temperature, see climate, look at the moisturizing performance of small space, and see The thickness of the soil layer, the dryness of the soil layer and the culture material, the strength of the material in the soil layer, and the size of the mushroom can be flexibly applied. Because the humidity of the small space of the mushroom is much higher than that of the conventionally cultivated mushroom house, and the greenhouse effect is more obvious, the total amount of water should be less than that of conventional cultivation.
The key to the technology of 3 substitute mushrooms is the semi-underground cultivation mode. The method is to dig a width of about 1.2 meters and a depth of 20 centimeters on the ground. The fungus bar is erected and semi-subterranean cultivation is carried out. The upper part is supported by "bow" shaped bamboo pieces to cover the film for waterproof heat preservation and moisturizing. Above the film, straw shades and dimming are added.
The new model of black fungus and rice rotation has been applied since 2003. Yunhe, Longquan, and Jingning are now popularized. The annual promotion area is over 5,000 mu, and the amount of black fungus is 50 million bags. The output value exceeds 100 million yuan. The mushroom and rice rotation began in Pingyang at the end of the 1990s. Apart from not competing with grain, it has the advantages of less investment in traditional mushroom cultivation, lighter labor intensity, fewer bacteria, less pests and diseases, and good quality. Now Pingyang County has become our province. One of the most advantageous production areas for mushrooms, with an annual cultivation volume of 10 million square feet. The new mode of semi-underground cultivation of mushroom and rice rotation was invented in 1991 by Yunhe County Edible Mushroom Science and Technology personnel. It was mainly used in Yunhe, Songyang, Longquan and Jiangxi, Anhui, and Jiangsu. The annual application volume exceeded 1.5. Billion bags.
First, the pattern of edible fungus and rice crop rotation, collocation and collocation form, can be flexibly selected according to the actual situation of the local, now introduce three main modes:
Mode I: Single-season rice (or double-season rice) + mushroom mode, mushroom cultivation, there are three kinds of single-layer cultivation bed, half layer (one layer) cultivation bed and three layers of low-shed cultivation bed.
Mode II: single-season rice (or double-season rice) + black fungus model.
Mode 3: Single-season rice + Semi-underground cultivation of mushrooms.
Early rice is generally planted in early May. Late rice is harvested in late October. Mushrooms are sown at the end of October to mid-November each year. The harvest time is from late November to the following May. The black-eared fungus cultivation section of the surrogate was planted at the end of October to the beginning of November. The harvest time was from mid-late November to the end of April. The shiitake mushrooms will be staged in October. After the harvest is completed in May, the entire cultivation field can be planted and transplanted. After harvesting rice in the fall, the mushrooms will continue to be cultivated.
II. PRINCIPLE AND PRINCIPLE The principle and basis of low-temperature edible fungus and rice rotation are complementary to each other, so as to make full use of the land resources and light-temperature resources of winter free-field after rice production. Rice and mushrooms, black fungus, mushrooms and other edible fungi in the production of seasonal arrangements, the temperature requirements of a high one, the rice growth period requires a higher accumulated temperature, and the differentiation of edible Fruit body development temperature requirements lower . The nutritional requirements complement each other. For example, straw is the main raw material for cultivation of mushrooms, and the residue after cultivation of edible fungi can be processed into high-quality organic fertilizers. It can also be used as fertilizer for rice growth.
Third, the key technologies
1. The rice field planting season for rice cultivation is from early May to the end of October. Early rice was planted in early May and harvested in mid-July; late rice was planted at the end of July and harvested in late October. Single-season rice production has no special requirements. Mushrooms such as black fungus, mushrooms and shiitake mushrooms are produced using non-rice production seasons from November to early May.
1 black fungus rice pattern. The black fungus cultivation is divided into autumn and spring planting, and the autumn cultivation is based on the altitude of mid-July to the end of September. Bags, inoculation, indoor bacterial culture, from the end of October to early November (temperature 15°C to 25°C during the stage) Ears from early November to mid-April; spring cultivation (for alpine regions only) from November to December for bagging, inoculation, and cultivation, ears in March in the following year, and single-season rice after the end of May and early June.
2 mushroom rice pattern. In the 15-25 days before the harvest of the late rice, the mushroom cultivation material pile is completed in October, the late rice is harvested and the whole planting is carried out, and the mushroom shed is set up and the material is spread and sown. The time difference is used to make full use of the mushroom, and from November to April, During the mushrooming period, double-season rice or single-season rice production can be arranged from May to October.
3 mushroom rice rotation model. From August to September, the mushrooms are bagged, inoculated, and cultivated until mid-November, using semi-subterranean cultivation. After the harvest of the mushrooms in May, the entire cultivation field can be tilled and transplanted. After harvesting rice in the autumn, the mushroom cultivation continues. .
2. Technology Key 1 The key technology of black fungus substitute cultivation is puncture, culturing and open-air ostentation. After the mycelium has penetrated the ear stick, a puncture hole will be made and the bag will be unearthed. Generally, the hole is 2-3mm thick and the hole depth is 5mm. 2-2.5 inch garden nails can be used to make holes in the nail plate; 9-10 rows of fungus bars per bag, 100-110 holes are appropriate. After the holes are laid, use “△†or “well†characters for stacking to facilitate heat dissipation and air circulation. At the same time, good ventilation and light conditions are created to restore mycelium and physiological maturity. If the bag-free puncture hole is not out of ear, then the hole is 4mm in size, the hole depth is 5mm, and the number of holes is 130 or so. The puncture culture time is generally 7-10 days. After the bacterium has a small amount of ear buds, the air temperature stabilizes below 25°C, and it is exposed in the open air and receives natural light. The ear stick is best to use a bamboo stick to leave the ground to facilitate ventilation and prevent pollution.
2 The key technology of mushrooms is water management. Mushrooms are bacteria that come from the water. The high quality and high yield cannot be separated from scientific water transfer. The moisture needed for mushroom growth mainly comes from the culture material, and the suitable moisture content when the culture material is fed is 60%~65%; followed by the water sprayed on the soil and space, mainly including mushroom water, mushroom water, and tidal water. Wait. Water management adopts the principle of spraying more water from autumn to winter and spring mushroom from less to more. In terms of water skills, we should do “eight viewsâ€: look at varieties, see temperature, see climate, look at the moisturizing performance of small space, and see The thickness of the soil layer, the dryness of the soil layer and the culture material, the strength of the material in the soil layer, and the size of the mushroom can be flexibly applied. Because the humidity of the small space of the mushroom is much higher than that of the conventionally cultivated mushroom house, and the greenhouse effect is more obvious, the total amount of water should be less than that of conventional cultivation.
The key to the technology of 3 substitute mushrooms is the semi-underground cultivation mode. The method is to dig a width of about 1.2 meters and a depth of 20 centimeters on the ground. The fungus bar is erected and semi-subterranean cultivation is carried out. The upper part is supported by "bow" shaped bamboo pieces to cover the film for waterproof heat preservation and moisturizing. Above the film, straw shades and dimming are added.
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