How piglets grow slowly and how they manage

Weaning is a critical period for piglets, and improper methods can significantly impact their growth and health. One common mistake is abruptly separating piglets from their mother without gradual preparation. Piglets are used to being with their mother and siblings in a stable environment, so sudden changes can cause stress, reduce feed intake, and slow down weight gain. To minimize this stress, the number of suckling piglets should be gradually reduced over the 5–6 days before weaning, allowing them to adjust more smoothly. Another issue is feeding practices. If piglets aren’t introduced to solid food early enough, they may struggle to eat after weaning, especially if the sow’s milk supply decreases. It's important to start offering small amounts of palatable, easily digestible feed at around 7 days of age. This helps them transition from milk to solid food, ensuring they get enough nutrition as lactation declines. The feed should be gradually changed from soft, sweet, and fragrant to regular feed over time. After weaning, feeding methods and feed quality also play a crucial role. Many piglets face drastic changes in feeding frequency, going from 6–8 meals a day to just 3 or 4, which can lead to poor appetite and slow growth. Additionally, if the feed is of low quality or not properly managed, it can further hinder development. When purchasing pigs, it’s essential to check how they were fed and managed, ensuring a smooth transition in diet type, quantity, and feeding schedule. Environmental changes can also be stressful for newly weaned piglets. Before weaning, they are in a group with their mother and siblings, but after weaning, they often end up alone in a pen. This sudden isolation, especially in cold weather, can lead to poor sleep, illness, and even death. To prevent this, it’s best to maintain a familiar and comfortable environment, gradually adjusting conditions rather than making abrupt changes. Overcrowding and poor management practices are another concern. In many cases, pigs are kept in unsanitary conditions where they eat, sleep, and defecate in the same area. This leads to unhygienic environments, increasing the risk of diseases like diarrhea and respiratory issues. A better approach is to group 3–6 pigs together based on their eating habits and temperament. This encourages competition for food, promotes faster growth, and helps establish regular routines for eating, defecating, and sleeping, improving overall hygiene. Lastly, improper timing of vaccinations and castration can add extra stress to weaned piglets. Many farmers purchase pigs and then perform these procedures at the same time, compounding the effects of weaning. This can lead to long-term health issues and stunted growth. It’s recommended to castrate male pigs at 20 days of age and gilts at 30–40 days. Vaccinations, such as for swine fever, should be given before 30 days of age, with follow-up shots at 3 months to ensure protection. By addressing these factors carefully, farmers can greatly improve the health, growth, and survival rates of their piglets.

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