In early June each year, it's the ideal time for taking cuttings from camellia plants. The process involves several key steps that ensure successful propagation:
First, preparing the bed is crucial. Camellias thrive in acidic soil, ideally with a pH between 5 and 6. Farmers often avoid using tea plantations as the original soil. Instead, they level a section of the ground and cover it with deep yellow sand soil from another location, spreading it evenly to a depth of at least 20 cm. If the local soil lacks sufficient sand, river sand can be mixed in at a ratio of about 35%. A base fertilizer containing 100 grams of phosphorus per square meter is also applied. Alternatively, coniferous forests can be used, where decomposed leaf litter forms rich humus that serves as an excellent base. Beds are then constructed, typically 1 meter wide and 20 cm high, with the length depending on the number of cuttings needed.
Next, selecting the right shoots for cutting is essential. Choose healthy, 4- to 5-year-old mother plants located outside the canopy, free from pests and diseases, with full buds and lush leaves. Cut semi-woody shoots from the current year, ensuring they are 8 to 10 cm long. Leave a small portion of older branches at the base, and shape the cuttings into a horse’s head to reduce water loss. Trim some of the leaves, leaving only one-third at the top. The cuttings should be 0.2 to 0.25 cm thick, bundled neatly, and soaked in an ABT rooting hormone solution (50–100 ppm) for 1 to 2 hours before planting.
When planting, first water the prepared beds. Use bamboo sticks of varying thickness to make holes in the bed, inserting the cuttings two-thirds of their length. Maintain a spacing of 12 cm by 3 cm between cuttings and provide shade to protect them from direct sunlight.
After planting, regular care is necessary. For the first month, mist the cuttings once daily during sunny days, preferably in the morning or evening. If temperatures rise or winds increase, increase the frequency of watering, but avoid overwatering. At night, cover the beds with shade cloth. Keep the temperature between 20°C and 25°C. After about 1.5 months, the cuttings will start to root. Once the seedlings reach 10 cm in height, they can be transplanted. Before transplanting, continue to manage the area by weeding, loosening the soil, and applying additional fertilizer as needed. This careful approach ensures strong, healthy growth for the young camellia plants.
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