The occurrence of pests and diseases has become a major concern in our province this winter. Similar to the national trend, the weather has been warmer than usual with less rainfall and fluctuating temperatures. These conditions have created favorable environments for the proliferation of crop pests and diseases. Notably, infestations of Liriomyza sativae, wheat rust, aphids, and wheat powdery mildew have been observed more severely this season. In some local areas, broad bean rust has also been reported at high levels, causing significant damage.
To address these issues, the following prevention and control measures are recommended:
1. For controlling Liriomyza larvae and Liriomyza huidobrensis, it is advised to use insecticides such as Bataan or Insecticide to reduce costs. Chemical control should be organized under optimal conditions. Recommended chemicals include Efford, Bataan, Kung Fu, and Fly Ammonia. Yellow sticky traps can also be used for monitoring and reducing pest populations.
2. To manage wheat rust, apply 250 grams of enemy rust sodium plus 100 grams of detergent in 25–30 kg of water. Alternatively, use 0.5° Baume lime sulfur (30–40 kg) or 65% zineb (200 g in 30–40 kg of water). Triadimefon EC (100–150 g in 50 kg of water) or 15% triadimefon (100–125 g in 60 kg of water) can also be effective.
3. For wheat powdery mildew, spray 0.8° lime sulfur before heading and 0.5° after heading. Other options include 70% thiophanate-methyl (100 g in 40–50 kg of water) or 50% myclobutanil (100 g in 30–40 kg of water).
4. For wheat scab, apply 100 g of 70% thiophanate-methyl in 60 kg of water during early flowering. A second application should be made 5–7 days later.
5. For wheat sheath blight, use 1 packet of Jinggangmycin crystal powder in 60 kg of water for spraying.
6. When wheat aphid populations exceed 1,000 per plant or reach 20–30%, and when wheat spider mites exceed 20% infestation, immediate action is needed. Options include 10% Dagong Chen (10–20 g in 50 kg), 20 g Cyanmar EC (150–200 g in 50 kg), 40% Dimethoate (100 g in 20–30 kg), 25% Imidacloprid (150 g in 20–30 kg), or 5% Avicin (1500–2000 times dilution). Additional methods like netting, cleaning, and sanitation are also recommended.
7. For rape downy mildew and white rust, prepare Bordeaux mixture by mixing 250 g copper sulfate and 500 g lime in 50 kg of water. Alternatively, use 0.3–0.5° Baume lime sulfur (40–50 kg) or 50% Tufite diluted 800–1000 times.
8. For Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, remove and bury infected plant parts outside the field. Apply 40% carbendazim (80 g in 50 kg) or 50% carbendazim (100–150 g in 50 kg). Another option is 50% wettable powder of fast keratin (50 g) mixed with 100 g boron fertilizer in 60 kg of water.
9. The control method for rapeseed locusts is similar to that of wheat aphids.
10. For rape cutworms, spray 90% trichlorfon crystals (100 g in 40–50 kg of water).
11. Broad bean rust is more severe in warm and humid conditions. It initially affects the lower leaves, then spreads to stems and buds. Infected plants may suffer yield losses of 10–20%. Early removal of diseased plants and spraying of triadimefon (600–800 times dilution) is recommended. Reapplication once or twice ensures better results. Removing the top heart of the broad bean plant can also promote more pod development.
12. For broad bean spot disease, red spots on the leaves appear first, then expand into round lesions. In warm and wet conditions, the disease spreads quickly, leading to leaf death. Prevention involves crop rotation, proper drainage, and adding phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. Spraying 50% carbendazim (100 g in 50 kg of water) or 70% thiophanate-methyl (70 g in 50 kg of water) can help control the disease.
13. For broad bean aphids, spray 10% sycamore WP at a rate of 2500 times, with an interval of 7 days.
14. For further details on broad bean flies, refer to the first section of the report (College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University).
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