In recent years, an increasing number of farmers have adopted coated and refined cotton varieties across major cotton-growing regions. The usage area of coated cotton has been steadily expanding, with some townships reporting near 100% adoption rates. These coated cotton varieties offer numerous benefits, including strong disease resistance, early germination, high emergence rates, and better stress tolerance, which have made them highly popular among farmers.
However, despite the high germination rate—often reaching up to 90%—the seedling survival rate remains a concern in some areas. In certain cases, only about 70% of the seedlings survive. Investigations into this issue reveal several key factors. First, some farmers misunderstand the nature of coated seeds, believing that no further soil disinfection or disease prevention is needed, leading to complacency. Second, some seeds are sown too shallowly, causing the seedlings to emerge with their shells still attached, making them weak and prone to dying quickly during droughts or heavy rains. Third, poor soil coverage and insufficient nutrients result in rapid water loss and increased seedling mortality. Lastly, improper temperature and humidity control within the seedbed can also lead to seedling death. Overall, the problem falls into two categories: disease-related seedling death and physiological seedling death.
To improve the survival rate and quality of coated cotton seedlings, it's essential to implement proper management techniques throughout the seedling stage. This includes careful attention to nutrition, moisture levels, and disease prevention.
Preventing diseases such as blight, anthracnose, and fusarium wilt is crucial. These diseases are primarily spread through infected seeds, contaminated soil, and farming tools. Alongside treating the seeds, it's important to disinfect the bauxite, cover soil, arches, and old plastic films. A common method is to spray a 1:200 dilution of carbendazim, which provides effective protection. Alternatively, thiophanate-methyl can also be used for similar results.
Proper soil coverage is vital for successful germination. After sowing, the soil should be shaped into a plum-like form, with all gaps filled with fine soil. Cotton seeds should be covered with a 1 cm layer of fine or sandy soil immediately after planting.
Once the two cotyledons appear, the young stems are particularly vulnerable due to their lack of lignification. To prevent bacterial infections, it’s recommended to spray a Bordeaux mixture. The recipe includes 1 kg of copper sulfate, 0.5 kg of quicklime, and 50 liters of clear water. Mixing thoroughly ensures effectiveness. Alternatively, a 0.1% to 0.2% triazole copper solution (such as triadimefon) can also be applied with good results.
During hot and rainy weather, maintaining proper temperature and humidity in the seedbed is critical. Even if seedlings grow uniformly, they may become elongated and weak, reducing their resilience. To avoid this, short seedbeds of around 10 meters in length are recommended to ensure stable growth.
In conclusion, comprehensive measures must be taken in all areas where coated cotton is used to maximize its disaster-resistant potential and ensure healthy, vigorous seedlings.
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