With the adjustment of the industrial structure, early-ripening garlic has become a highly profitable crop, leading to a steady increase in planting area. It has now become one of the key characteristics of farmers who have successfully lifted themselves out of poverty and achieved economic stability. However, in recent years, garlic leaf blight has become widespread, emerging as the main disease affecting both new and traditional garlic-growing regions. In severe cases, this disease can reduce yields by 20% to 30%, posing a serious threat to farmers' income.
The symptoms of garlic leaf blight typically start with the drying of the leaf tips, gradually spreading upwards along the stem and leaves. The green color of the leaves turns yellow and then brown, which is a clear sign of infection. This disease is particularly destructive because it damages chlorophyll, impairing photosynthesis and ultimately reducing yield and economic returns.
Garlic leaf blight is primarily influenced by weather conditions. The ideal temperature range for the disease is between 15°C and 20°C, and it spreads rapidly under rainy and warm conditions. In the Dali region, there are two peak periods for the disease: the first occurs from early November to mid-December, and the second from early January to late February. Garlic planted early, especially during the eighth or ninth lunar month when temperatures are high, often coincides with heavy rainfall, making these fields more susceptible to infection. These areas frequently become sources of disease spread.
Additionally, low-lying areas and fields adjacent to rice paddies tend to have higher incidence due to poor drainage and excessive moisture. Fields with poor soil fertility and weak garlic plants are also more vulnerable. Conversely, garlic grown in well-drained soils with good fertility is less likely to be affected or experiences only mild infections.
To effectively manage garlic leaf blight, several preventive measures should be taken. First, seeds should be treated by soaking them in warm water at 50°C for 30 minutes, or using a solution of 0.5% dexamethasone and thiram before planting. Soil treatment is also essential—mixing thiram and quintozene in a 1:1 ratio and applying 500–750 grams per mu, mixed with dry soil at a 400:1 ratio, can help reduce pathogen presence.
Proper field management, such as ditching and deep-groove reclamation, should be done between September and October, during the late rainy season. At this time, the soil is moist, which can promote the growth of diseased seedlings and garlic blight. In paddy fields, it's important to drain excess water to lower soil humidity, which helps with germination and reduces pest and disease pressure.
Increasing organic fertilization is another key strategy. Garlic with weak root systems has limited nutrient absorption, so maintaining loose, fertile soil is crucial. Farmers should promote the use of farmyard manure and apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to improve plant resistance.
In the early stages of the disease, spraying 70% mancozeb at a rate of 200 grams per mu can be effective, with applications every 7–10 days. During the epidemic period, 50% Paeonhaine WP diluted at 1500 times or 50 grams per liter can be used. Other commonly used fungicides like chlorothalonil and methyldiethanolamine can also be applied for prevention and control. A combination of cultural practices and chemical treatments is essential to ensure healthy garlic production and maintain high yields.
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