Selection and use of edible fungi machinery

With the rapid development of edible fungi cultivation, the use of specialized machinery has become essential to improve efficiency and ensure quality. The following article provides a detailed guide on the selection and proper use of several key machines used in the edible fungi industry, published in *Agricultural Machinery* on May 21, 2006. 1. **Wood Slicer** For processing branches and slabs from forests, models such as MG-600 or MG-700 are recommended. These machines are equipped with either an 8.82 kW diesel engine or a 13 kW electric motor, capable of cutting logs with a diameter of 15–18 cm at a rate of 1500–2000 kg per hour. Before operation, always check that the flying knife and connecting bolts are securely fastened. The blade should be sharpened every four hours, and the edge angle should be adjusted using a 36° square. Avoid feeding any stones, metal, or debris into the machine. When processing dry or hard wood, adding a small amount of water to the feeding port can help prevent overheating of the blade. Never stand between the feeding and discharge ports to avoid injury from splintering wood. 2. **Wood Chip Crusher** Common models include FS-B, FS-C, and FS-D. For a medium-sized mushroom farm producing around 100,000 shiitake bags, approximately 3000 kg of wood chips are needed daily. An FS-D three-screen pulverizer with a 22 kW electric motor or 22.05 kW diesel engine is suitable, producing about 300 kg of chips per hour. To operate safely: (1) Open the upper cover and check if the hammer is tight. If loose, apply grease and run a test. (2) Begin feeding only after the machine runs smoothly. Stop immediately if any unusual noise occurs. (3) Replace worn hammers when productivity drops significantly. (4) Use a 300 mm diameter bag that is over 5 meters long for better air circulation. (5) Ensure uniform feeding and avoid overloading the machine. 3. **Culture Material Bagging Machine** These machines are widely used for filling mushroom and white fungus bags. Common types include A-type and B-type models, powered by a 0.75 kW motor. They are suitable for plastic bags with a diameter of 120–170 mm, producing 800–1000 bags per hour. Key usage tips: (1) Check all screws before starting. Turn on the power and allow the machine to stabilize before feeding. (2) While bagging, support the sleeve outlet with one hand and hold the bag’s end with the other, allowing it to slowly fill while feeding. (3) Adjust the auger and hopper according to the size of the bag being used. (4) If the hopper becomes overloaded, remove the material promptly—never put your hands inside. (5) If the machine fails to discharge, stop and check for auger wear or deformation. 4. **Sterilization Pot** Available in various sizes, these pots can hold 180–250 bottles. They can be fueled by coal or firewood. Important operating steps: (1) Set the safety valve pressure to around 147.12 kPa for automatic exhaust. (2) Add sufficient water before lighting the fire. Place the flasks securely and keep a 110 mm gap between the flask and the lid. (3) Clean the rubber ring and cover before closing the pot to prevent air leaks. (4) Do not stop the fire during sterilization to avoid moisture contamination. (5) After sterilization, open the vent valve to release pressure. Once the pressure drops to 47.04–98.08 kPa, close the valve and drain the water before opening the lid. 5. **Dehydration Dryer** Models like XT-40, XT-60, and XT-80 are available, capable of drying 35–80 kg of mushrooms or fungi in 18–20 hours. For a farm cultivating 50,000 bags, an XT-40 model is recommended. During use, control the temperature carefully: fully open the wetted window at the start, half-open in the middle, and fully closed later. After drying, turn off the heat first, then open the drying chamber. Before resuming use, clean soot from the heat exchanger pipes. By properly selecting and maintaining these machines, farmers can significantly enhance productivity and reduce labor costs in edible fungi production.

Feed Additive

Feed additive refers to a small amount or trace substance added in the process of feed production, processing and use. It is used in feed in small amount but plays a significant role. Feed additive is an inevitable raw material in modern feed industry. It has obvious effects on strengthening the nutritional value of basic feed, improving animal production performance, ensuring animal health, saving feed cost and improving the quality of animal products.

Classification

1. Bile acid

It can promote fat digestion and absorption, protect liver and gallbladder, improve livestock and poultry health and improve feed utilization.

2. Acidifier

Including citric acid, fumaric acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid and compound acidifier. Adding an appropriate amount of acidification Qi to the pig diet can significantly improve the daily gain of pigs and reduce the feeding cost.

5. Promote growth

Including olaquindox, pig fast growth, fast fertility, blood polypeptide, liver residue, animal music, fat pig Wang, etc.

6. Trace elements

Including copper, iron, zinc, cobalt, manganese, iodine, selenium, calcium and phosphorus, which can regulate body metabolism, promote growth and development, enhance disease resistance and improve feed utilization. The daily gain of postnatal pigs can generally be increased by 10% - 20% and the feed cost can be reduced by 8% - 10%,

7. Vitamins

It includes vitamins A, D2, e, K3, B1, D3, B2, B6 and C, as well as a variety of vitamins, choline, pig premix additives, vitafat, Ted vita-80, French fat, health care element, strong element, etc. it can be scientifically selected and used according to different pig varieties and different growth and development stages.

8. Amino acids

It includes 18 kinds of amino acids such as lysine, methionine and glutamic acid, as well as Shengbao, livestock treasure, feed yeast, feather powder, earthworm powder, feeding music, etc. the most used additives are lysine and methionine. Adding 0.2% lysine to the diet can increase the daily gain of pigs by about 10%.

9. Antibiotics

Gold toxin, salinomycin, tetracycline, Bacillin, lincomycin, Kangtai feed additive, zhubao, Baosheng, etc.

10. Insect repellent health care

Including anbaoqiujing, keqiu powder, aibao-34, etc.

11. Mildew proof

Due to the high oil content of rice bran, fish meal and other refined feeds, they are easy to oxidize and deteriorate after long storage time. Adding ethoxyquinoline can prevent feed oxidation, and adding propionic acid and sodium propionate can prevent feed mildew. The addition of cinnamon powder not only has strong bactericidal effect, but also attracts food, flavors, and promotes growth.

12. Chinese herbal medicine

Including garlic, wormwood powder, pine needle powder, mirabilite, Codonopsis pilosula leaves, Maifan stone, wild hawthorn, orange peel powder, acanthopanax senticosus, Atractylodes, motherwort, etc,

13. Buffer feed

Including sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, magnesium oxide, calcium phosphate, etc.

14. Seasonability

Including sodium glutamate, edible sodium chloride, citric acid, lactose, maltose, hay, etc.

15. Hormones

Including raw milk record, promoter, yufeiling, etc.

Vitamin A Powder, Lactose Powder, Oxytetracycline Dihydrate Powder, Vitamin D3 Powder

Xi'an Tian Guangyuan Biotech Co., Ltd. , https://www.tgybiotech.com