Release date: 2007-11-08
For the first time, U.S. scientists have unveiled the detailed three-dimensional structure of beta blockers' molecular targets—beta-2 adrenergic receptors. These drugs have been used in clinical settings for over four decades, yet their precise molecular architecture remained unknown until now. This breakthrough marks a significant milestone in understanding G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), a critical class of human proteins involved in numerous biological processes. The findings were recently published in the online edition of Science and are considered a major leap forward in the field.
GPCRs are among the most challenging proteins to study due to their complex membrane-bound structure. Unlike other proteins, they resist crystallization, making it difficult to determine their shape at the atomic level. Prior to this study, the only successful GPCR structure solved was that of a visual pigment found in cow eyes, which was much easier to work with due to its high abundance. In contrast, the current research focused on β2 adrenergic receptors, a more complex and less abundant target.
To overcome these challenges, researchers turned to protein engineering. They introduced a rigid structure to stabilize the receptor and mimicked the natural environment of the cell membrane to encourage crystal formation. This innovative approach allowed them to obtain high-quality crystals, enabling the first detailed view of the receptor’s structure.
As key regulators of vital bodily functions—from sensory perception to heart rate—GPCRs are the targets of nearly half of all modern medicines. This discovery not only accelerates drug development but also deepens our understanding of human health and disease. Experts believe that the techniques developed during this study could be applied to many other GPCRs, paving the way for future breakthroughs in structural biology and pharmacology. This achievement is a testament to the power of perseverance and innovation in scientific research. — China Medicine 123 Network
Dehydrated Garlic granules encompass a range of versatile products, each with its own unique size and texture, offering a convenient and flavorful alternative to fresh garlic. Within this group, variations include garlic minced 8-16 mesh, garlic ground 16-26 mesh, garlic ground 26-40 mesh, and garlic granules 40-80 mesh.
These granules are produced through a meticulous dehydration process that preserves the potent taste and aroma of fresh garlic while ensuring an extended shelf life. Each variant within the granule spectrum offers different particle sizes, allowing for various culinary applications.
Garlic minced 8-16 mesh comprises larger granules, offering a noticeable texture and robust garlic flavor. On the other hand, garlic ground 16-26 mesh and 26-40 mesh possess smaller particle sizes, providing a finer texture while maintaining the strong garlic essence.
Garlic granules 40-80 mesh stand out for their fine texture, making them ideal for even dispersion and quick integration into dishes. Their versatility allows for effortless incorporation into seasoning mixes, marinades, sauces, soups, and various recipes, imparting a consistent garlic flavor without the need for peeling or chopping fresh cloves.
In essence, dehydrated garlic granules in their various mesh sizes offer convenience, versatility, and a prolonged shelf life while delivering the intense flavor and aroma characteristic of fresh garlic, making them an indispensable ingredient for enhancing culinary creations.
Garlic Ground, Garlic Minced, Garlic chopped, Garlic granulated
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