After the autumn harvest, there was a large surplus of straw in the countryside and it was a pity to throw it. Cultivation of black fungus with straw works well and is also a way for the farmers' friends to get rich. Practice has shown that generally more than 10 kilograms of dry black fungus can be harvested per 100 kilograms of rice straw, and a high yield of 200 yuan or more in pure income can be obtained. Straw-growing black fungus can be planted in bottle-planted bags. Cultivation techniques include the following:
The first is to choose dry, fresh, mildew-free straw as raw material; choose dry, fresh rice bran, wheat bran as accessories. Fertilizers can use calcium superphosphate and gypsum powder. The former can be used to adjust the pH of the culture material and can also provide phosphorus. The latter can be used to adjust the pH of the culture material and can also promote the decomposition of nutrients by the hyphae. If the straw is selected, if it is bottled, the straw should be cut into small pieces about 3 cm long, soaked for 10 hours and picked up. If the bag is planted, the straw should be crushed, and water should be added before the bagging to make the straw powder soaked.
The straw preparation black fungus culture material preparation ratio is: straw 66%, rice bran 20%, wheat bran 10%, superphosphate 1.5%, gypsum powder 1%, sucrose 1.5%, plus black fungus production increaser, proliferation agent 150 ml . The proportion of feed water is 1:2. Bottle cultivation can use two layers of old newspapers, plus a layer of plastic film to wrap the bottle mouth.
The second is that the best bottle used for sterilizing and inoculating bottles is a large-mouthed bottle. The tools used should be strictly sterilized with 0.1% potassium permanganate or 3% leprenol or 75% alcohol.
The inoculation box and inoculation chamber were fumigated with formalin; the culture chamber was spray-sterilized with 0.3% benzalkonium chloride and 3% aqueous solution of lissul. Cultures should be sterilized under one to two kilograms of pressure for one and a half to two hours. If sterilized with normal pressure, it should be kept for 10 hours after the water is opened. The bag should be layered with a layer of paper and layered to prevent overlapping extrusions from affecting the disinfection effect. After disinfection, the bottle and bag should be moved to the inoculation room and the inoculation box when they are cooled to about 35°C. Should be vaccinated warm, inoculated, or placed in the inoculation box, inoculation room, with a mixture of formalin, potassium permanganate disinfection, sealed for half an hour, followed by 70% -75% alcohol hand and inoculation equipment Disinfection, inoculation should be removed on the bacteria surface membrane, dig bacteria access bottle or bag. Each bottle of cultivar can receive 45-65 bottles or 30 bags of straw culture.
The third is the ear reminder. Put the bottle or bag that has been inoculated into the cultivating room and you can stack it, but do not move it.
The culture room is kept dark and clean, and often ventilated. Within 1-6 days after inoculation, the temperature in the culture room should be controlled at 25-28°C, so that black fungus mycelium can germinate and colonize as soon as possible, reducing the contamination of the bacteria. On the 7th to 15th days, the room temperature was reduced to 22-25°C to make the mycelium thick and strong. Generally, the humidity was not considered at this stage. After 30-40 days, the whole culture can be covered with mycelium. Bottled 10 days after the mycelium is sent to the bottom of the bottle, the sealed newspaper or kraft paper should be removed, leaving only a transparent film to wrap the bottle, and then using a needle to pierce the film with more than 10 holes to promote ear bud growth. The bottle was then discharged horizontally on the floor, stacking 7-10 layers. Bottles can also be moved into the ear field with outdoor shady facilities for ear alert management. When the bag is filled with hyphae, oxygen should be allowed to penetrate into the bag. At this time, the temperature of the culturing room is 20-23°C, relative humidity is 80%, and 0.5 cm of inoculum is used to punch several auricles around the bag to form a product-shaped distribution with a distance of 5-6 cm. The bag contact with oxygen is sufficient, and the development of the mycelium is accelerated. To promote earing, newspapers can be covered on the bag, and water can be sprayed on newspapers to maintain the relative humidity of 85%-90%. Indoor direct light should be avoided to prevent bagging moisture. Excessive evaporation.
The fourth is ear management. When the fungus has large grains of soybeans, remove the sealing film from the bottle and moisturize the ears.
Generally, during the ear bud stage, the relative humidity of the ear room should be 85%-90%, the relative humidity of the ear stem during the wrinkle period should be 90%-95%, and the humidity during the early stage of the exhibition should be more than 95%. When the water is sprayed, look at the weather: When the weather is rainy, spray less or not even when it is rainy, spray more when it's dry, look at ear shape, and use less spray on the ears, spray less under the blisters, and spray more on the ears. Look at the temperature, the temperature should be above 25 °C during the day should be the main insulation, spray at night; 20 °C above the water spray sooner or later, 15 °C when the day should be more than spray. And pay attention to the bottle, bag mouth can not be long-term accumulation of water, to prevent autolysis of fungus, affecting the ear. When the temperature is above 15°C, a 0.1% urea and 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution should be applied in combination with water spray, and after 15°C, the glucose solution should be applied at about 1.5%. Fertilizer spray directly on the ear. After the first batch of ear harvesting, water spray should be stopped for 5-7 days to restore the growth of mycelium. The management method is the same as what we introduced in the previous section. We need to apply fertilizer in combination with water spray.
Fifth, the growth of black fungus harvest processing period is generally about 100 days, wait until the color of the fungus from deep to shallow, ears start, the edge of the volume, ear root contraction, ear soft, fleshy hypertrophy, elastic, produce white spores ventral Powder is the maturity period. Sunny harvest should be selected in a timely manner so as to ensure the high quality and high yield of fungus. Black fungus processing can be dried or drizzled. In order to prevent resurgence, it should be sealed in a plastic bag and stored in a dry, ventilated, clean and pest free warehouse.
The first is to choose dry, fresh, mildew-free straw as raw material; choose dry, fresh rice bran, wheat bran as accessories. Fertilizers can use calcium superphosphate and gypsum powder. The former can be used to adjust the pH of the culture material and can also provide phosphorus. The latter can be used to adjust the pH of the culture material and can also promote the decomposition of nutrients by the hyphae. If the straw is selected, if it is bottled, the straw should be cut into small pieces about 3 cm long, soaked for 10 hours and picked up. If the bag is planted, the straw should be crushed, and water should be added before the bagging to make the straw powder soaked.
The straw preparation black fungus culture material preparation ratio is: straw 66%, rice bran 20%, wheat bran 10%, superphosphate 1.5%, gypsum powder 1%, sucrose 1.5%, plus black fungus production increaser, proliferation agent 150 ml . The proportion of feed water is 1:2. Bottle cultivation can use two layers of old newspapers, plus a layer of plastic film to wrap the bottle mouth.
The second is that the best bottle used for sterilizing and inoculating bottles is a large-mouthed bottle. The tools used should be strictly sterilized with 0.1% potassium permanganate or 3% leprenol or 75% alcohol.
The inoculation box and inoculation chamber were fumigated with formalin; the culture chamber was spray-sterilized with 0.3% benzalkonium chloride and 3% aqueous solution of lissul. Cultures should be sterilized under one to two kilograms of pressure for one and a half to two hours. If sterilized with normal pressure, it should be kept for 10 hours after the water is opened. The bag should be layered with a layer of paper and layered to prevent overlapping extrusions from affecting the disinfection effect. After disinfection, the bottle and bag should be moved to the inoculation room and the inoculation box when they are cooled to about 35°C. Should be vaccinated warm, inoculated, or placed in the inoculation box, inoculation room, with a mixture of formalin, potassium permanganate disinfection, sealed for half an hour, followed by 70% -75% alcohol hand and inoculation equipment Disinfection, inoculation should be removed on the bacteria surface membrane, dig bacteria access bottle or bag. Each bottle of cultivar can receive 45-65 bottles or 30 bags of straw culture.
The third is the ear reminder. Put the bottle or bag that has been inoculated into the cultivating room and you can stack it, but do not move it.
The culture room is kept dark and clean, and often ventilated. Within 1-6 days after inoculation, the temperature in the culture room should be controlled at 25-28°C, so that black fungus mycelium can germinate and colonize as soon as possible, reducing the contamination of the bacteria. On the 7th to 15th days, the room temperature was reduced to 22-25°C to make the mycelium thick and strong. Generally, the humidity was not considered at this stage. After 30-40 days, the whole culture can be covered with mycelium. Bottled 10 days after the mycelium is sent to the bottom of the bottle, the sealed newspaper or kraft paper should be removed, leaving only a transparent film to wrap the bottle, and then using a needle to pierce the film with more than 10 holes to promote ear bud growth. The bottle was then discharged horizontally on the floor, stacking 7-10 layers. Bottles can also be moved into the ear field with outdoor shady facilities for ear alert management. When the bag is filled with hyphae, oxygen should be allowed to penetrate into the bag. At this time, the temperature of the culturing room is 20-23°C, relative humidity is 80%, and 0.5 cm of inoculum is used to punch several auricles around the bag to form a product-shaped distribution with a distance of 5-6 cm. The bag contact with oxygen is sufficient, and the development of the mycelium is accelerated. To promote earing, newspapers can be covered on the bag, and water can be sprayed on newspapers to maintain the relative humidity of 85%-90%. Indoor direct light should be avoided to prevent bagging moisture. Excessive evaporation.
The fourth is ear management. When the fungus has large grains of soybeans, remove the sealing film from the bottle and moisturize the ears.
Generally, during the ear bud stage, the relative humidity of the ear room should be 85%-90%, the relative humidity of the ear stem during the wrinkle period should be 90%-95%, and the humidity during the early stage of the exhibition should be more than 95%. When the water is sprayed, look at the weather: When the weather is rainy, spray less or not even when it is rainy, spray more when it's dry, look at ear shape, and use less spray on the ears, spray less under the blisters, and spray more on the ears. Look at the temperature, the temperature should be above 25 °C during the day should be the main insulation, spray at night; 20 °C above the water spray sooner or later, 15 °C when the day should be more than spray. And pay attention to the bottle, bag mouth can not be long-term accumulation of water, to prevent autolysis of fungus, affecting the ear. When the temperature is above 15°C, a 0.1% urea and 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution should be applied in combination with water spray, and after 15°C, the glucose solution should be applied at about 1.5%. Fertilizer spray directly on the ear. After the first batch of ear harvesting, water spray should be stopped for 5-7 days to restore the growth of mycelium. The management method is the same as what we introduced in the previous section. We need to apply fertilizer in combination with water spray.
Fifth, the growth of black fungus harvest processing period is generally about 100 days, wait until the color of the fungus from deep to shallow, ears start, the edge of the volume, ear root contraction, ear soft, fleshy hypertrophy, elastic, produce white spores ventral Powder is the maturity period. Sunny harvest should be selected in a timely manner so as to ensure the high quality and high yield of fungus. Black fungus processing can be dried or drizzled. In order to prevent resurgence, it should be sealed in a plastic bag and stored in a dry, ventilated, clean and pest free warehouse.
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