Insect net coverage technology is a highly effective method for pest control in agricultural production. Once the insect-proof net is installed over the growing facilities, it creates a closed and isolated environment that prevents adult pests from entering and larvae from infesting the crops. This significantly reduces the risk of pest damage and interrupts the transmission of pests, leading to a marked improvement in crop protection. Silver-gray insect nets also have a repellent effect on aphids. According to field trials conducted between May and October, 20-mesh silver-gray nets were used to cover small green vegetables under all weather conditions. Observations made 14 and 24 days after planting showed protection efficiencies of 83% and 72%, respectively. When combined with 80% dichlorvos EC applied to the soil at a 1:1000 dilution, and if no pests were found on the plants, the protection rate reached up to 100%. Additionally, these nets help prevent virus diseases transmitted by insects, resulting in fewer viral infections in young vegetables. Compared to traditional open-field farming, this technique reduces pesticide use by seven times per pound, ensuring pollution-free vegetable production.
The frequency-vibration insecticidal lamp is another physical pest control method that uses light to attract and kill insects. It effectively targets pests such as Lepidoptera and Coleoptera, covering more than 20 families and 40 species. Lepidopteran pests account for 69.8% of the total catch, with species like Spodoptera litura and cotton bollworm making up 75.2% of those. During a trial from September to November, an average of 1,415 pests were trapped and killed daily. Using this lamp reduces pesticide use by two to three times compared to conventional methods. It also has minimal impact on beneficial insects, with a hazard ratio of less than 1:98.5. The lamp consumes only 0.5 kWh per night, which is just 9.4% of the energy used by high-pressure mercury lamps, making it a cost-effective solution. With basic models, users simply need to turn the lamp on and off manually each day and add water or washing powder. Automated versions can be set to operate automatically, offering greater convenience.
Nitrate pollution control is essential for maintaining the quality of vegetables. Excessive nitrogen fertilizer application can lead to high nitrate levels, even when organic fertilizers are used. To manage this, it's recommended to apply 2/3 of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers as base fertilizer, along with 1/3 of nitrogen fertilizer. High-quality farmyard manure should be used at a rate of 3,000 to 5,000 kg per 667 square meters, with 2/3 applied before planting and 1/3 added during the growing season. This approach helps reduce nitrate accumulation, especially in fast-growing leafy vegetables, where the last nitrogen application should occur 15–20 days before harvest.
Yellow board trapping technology is widely used to control pests like aphids and armyworms. Hanging yellow boards inside greenhouses or other facilities can reduce pest populations by 20–40%, significantly lowering the need for chemical pesticides. In tomato and cucumber cultivation, hanging 20–25 boards per mu (approximately 667 square meters) at a height of 1.5–1.8 meters can cut pesticide use by five to eight times. Combining this with insect-proof nets ensures a clean, chemical-free production system, especially in summer when nets are used full-time and in winter, spring, and autumn when vents and doors are sealed.
Rainproof cultivation and disease prevention technology is crucial in China’s hot and rainy summers, where disease outbreaks are common. By using rain shelters and shade nets, farmers can reduce the need for frequent pesticide applications. Trials showed that this method lowered the incidence of late blight and virus diseases in tomatoes by 23 and 31 percentage points, respectively. Medication use was reduced by 66.7%, and fruit rot rates dropped by 17.2%. Overall yield increased by 17.4%, with a value increase of 36.4% per 667 square meters.
Facility-based wet prevention technology involves creating raised beds covered with plastic film to improve drainage and reduce humidity. In energy-saving solar greenhouses, 15–20 cm high ridges help increase ground temperature by 1.2–1.5°C and lower air humidity by 20–30%. This leads to a reduction in pesticide use by over 30% and a 10% increase in yield. Trials also showed that greenhouse-cultivated cucumbers had a 30.2 percentage point lower incidence of downy mildew compared to those grown under regular plastic films.
Biological pesticide application technology is increasingly popular due to its environmental benefits. Over 20 types of biological pesticides, including microbiological agents, agricultural antibiotics, plant-based products, and insect growth regulators, have been tested and proven effective. These options not only control pests well but also protect water, soil, and air from chemical contamination, supporting sustainable and pollution-free vegetable production.
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