Harvesting season has officially begun. While mechanical harvesters are widely used, they cannot be employed in mountainous areas or small plots of land. The thresher, which had a year off, is now back in operation. To ensure its safe and efficient use, it's important to understand some key maintenance and operational practices for the thresher.
**Maintenance**
1. **Thorough Inspection Before Use**: Before starting the wheat harvest, the thresher should undergo a complete check-up. This includes inspecting bolts for looseness, checking the condition of the bars, and ensuring that all transmission components are functioning properly. Any potential issues should be addressed immediately to prevent accidents. The power source—whether a diesel engine or an electric motor—must also be tested beforehand to ensure everything is in working order.
2. **Common Issues and Their Causes**:
- **Incomplete Threshing**: This often happens due to uneven feeding, high moisture content in the grain, excessive clearance between the drum and concave, or low drum speed.
- **Poor Separation**: This can occur when there’s insufficient airflow, damaged sieve screens, improper grain moisture levels, or uneven feeding of the grain.
- **Drum Blockage**: This usually results from overly wet grain, excessive feeding, low drum speed, tangled stalks, or insufficient power supply.
- **Grain Damage**: This is caused by too small a threshing gap, high drum speed, uneven feeding, or dry grain conditions.
- **Unusual Drum Noise**: This may be due to loose bolts, deformed concave plates, or a tight threshing gap.
- **Motor Overheating**: This typically happens when the machine is overloaded, ventilation is poor, or voltage is too low.
**Operation**
1. **Avoid Overloading**: The thresher should never be overloaded, whether powered by an electric motor or a diesel engine. Overloading can cause serious safety risks. Additionally, operators should not work continuously for long periods. It’s recommended to take regular breaks—around 5–6 hours of work followed by a rest—to allow both the machine and the operator to recover.
2. **Professional Installation and Movement**: Moving or installing the thresher should only be done by trained professionals. For electric models, always turn off the power before moving, and avoid dragging wires on the ground to prevent damage and electrical hazards. Diesel engines must be checked and operated by qualified personnel.
3. **Ensure Safety Devices Are Functional**: All safety features, such as protective shields on belts and grounding wires on motor housings, must be in place and working properly. These devices are essential for protecting the operator.
4. **Prevent Fires**: In fields where diesel engines are used, fire shields should be installed, and the area around the engine should be kept clean. Lighting equipment must also have fire protection measures, and flammable materials should be kept away. Smoking is strictly prohibited in the field, especially near straw piles.
5. **Operator Training Is Essential**: Only trained personnel should operate the thresher. Proper training ensures that workers understand the mechanics and safety procedures, reducing the risk of accidents.
6. **Appropriate Number of Workers**: The number of people involved in the harvesting process should be carefully managed. Too many workers can lead to confusion and accidents, while too few may slow down the process. A clear division of labor is crucial for efficiency and safety.
7. **Safe Feeding Practices**: The straw and grain should be fed evenly and in the correct amount. Never feed straw into the machine, as it can damage internal parts and pose a danger to the operator. Never put your hands into the feeding port, as the rotating parts can cause severe injury.
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