After wheat enters the green returning stage, it transitions from the temperature-sensing phase to the sensitization stage, during which its cold resistance significantly decreases. If exposed to sudden cold, the seedlings become highly susceptible to frost damage. To address this, proper management practices should be implemented following early spring wheat growth. Here are several effective frost protection methods.
One of the most effective techniques is shallow plowing, also known as "scratch ploughing." This involves loosening the top layer of soil, which helps aerate the ground, protect earthworms, warm the soil, control weeds, and improve the wheat's ability to withstand cold. Observations show that the average surface soil temperature (within 5 cm) can increase by 0.5°C to 1°C within 7 to 10 days after this practice. This not only promotes root development but also enhances nutrient availability. Whether the seedlings are weak or strong, it’s essential to pay close attention to this stage. For fields with vigorous growth, controlled suppression can help regulate excessive growth and prevent premature stem elongation. When plowing, it’s important to create fine ridges and avoid deep tilling, ensuring that the soil is gently lifted without being disturbed too much. If suppression is done before plowing, the soil may remain compacted, reducing the effectiveness of the technique.
Another useful method during early spring is field compression. By pressing down on the soil, it helps close cracks and ensures the roots make good contact with the soil, preventing cold air from reaching the plants. This process also helps lift earthworms to the surface, increasing soil moisture and reducing the risk of frost damage at low temperatures.
Applying fertilizer in early spring is another key strategy. It replenishes nutrients lost during winter, supports seedling growth, and improves the plant’s ability to resist early spring frosts. Fertilization should be done when the soil is just beginning to thaw, and deep trenches should be dug to ensure even distribution. Watering should be avoided unless absolutely necessary, as it can lower soil temperature and hinder seedling development.
Additionally, spraying a solution of paclobutrazol (200 ppm) at a rate of 30–40 kg per mu during the green-up stage can effectively suppress excessive growth and enhance the wheat’s cold tolerance.
By combining these practices—plowing, compression, fertilization, and chemical application—farmers can significantly reduce the risk of frost damage and ensure healthier, more resilient wheat crops.
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