After wheat enters the returning green stage, it transitions from the temperature-sensing phase to the sensitization phase, during which its cold resistance significantly decreases. If exposed to sudden cold, the seedlings are highly susceptible to freezing damage. To address this, it's essential to implement effective frost protection measures following early spring wheat management.
One effective method is soil scratching and ridging. By loosening the soil and pushing it back to the surface, you can aerate the soil, protect earthworms, warm the ground, remove weeds, and improve the wheat’s ability to withstand cold. Observations show that within 7 to 10 days after this practice, the ground temperature in the top 5 cm of soil typically increases by 0.5°C to 1°C, which greatly benefits root development and nutrient conversion. Whether the seedlings are weak or strong, careful attention should be given during this period. For fields showing excessive growth, controlled suppression can help regulate early spring growth. When performing this operation, ensure shallow and fine ridges, and move the tools along the sides carefully. If suppression is done before ridging, the soil may become too compact, reducing the effectiveness of the process.
In early spring, field suppression helps crush debris and close cracks, allowing the wheat roots to make better contact with the soil. This prevents cold air from reaching the seedlings and reduces the risk of damage. Additionally, suppression helps bring earthworms to the surface, increasing soil moisture on the surface, which can help reduce the impact of low temperatures.
Applying fertilizer in early spring helps replenish soil nutrients lost during winter, boosts nutrient reserves, promotes healthy seedling growth, and enhances the plant’s ability to resist or minimize early spring frost damage. It’s best to apply fertilizer when the soil is just thawing, using deep furrowing techniques. Avoid watering immediately after fertilizing, as it can lower soil temperature and hinder seedling growth.
During the green-up stage, spraying a 200 ppm paclobutrazol solution at a rate of 30–40 kg per mu can effectively suppress excessive growth and improve the wheat’s cold resistance. This practice is especially useful for strengthening the plants against unpredictable temperature drops.
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