Shandong is located in the temperate zone, characterized by cold winters and warm summers, but not excessively so. The climate is ideal for geese breeding and growth, as it avoids extreme humidity or temperature fluctuations. In comparison to Guangdong, where the same goose species lays about 20 eggs annually, Shandong geese can lay 60-80 eggs per year. This natural advantage, combined with the region’s rich agricultural resources, has made Shandong a major hub for goose farming.
The area is abundant in food crops, including various crop straws, maggots, and vines, which serve as high-quality feed for geese. Additionally, weeds, wild herbs, and forage grasses provide excellent nutritional sources. With numerous lakes, ponds, and rivers, Shandong offers an ideal environment for raising geese. Among the local breeds, the Wulong goose stands out as a top-quality variety, contributing significantly to the rapid development of the goose industry in the region. This has led to the emergence of a “southern goose breeding†model, where geese are raised in the south and then moved north for fattening.
However, raising geese effectively and maximizing their economic value remains a challenge for many farmers. Since 2005, we have been actively involved in goose farming and have developed practical methods based on our experience. We divide the growth cycle into three key stages: brooding (days 1–30), maintenance (days 31–65), and fattening (days 65–80). Mastering these stages is essential for successful goose rearing.
The brooding stage is the most critical, as young goslings are small, have weak immunity, and are sensitive to environmental changes. To ensure healthy and high-quality geese, we focus on three main aspects: temperature, humidity, and density.
Temperature is crucial during this period. Too high, and the goslings may become overheated, showing signs like drooping wings and reduced appetite. Too low, and they may huddle together, risking death. The optimal temperature varies depending on the season, time of day, and the health of the flock. We follow the "four highs and four lows" principle: higher temperatures in winter, lower in summer; higher at night, lower during the day; higher when the density is low, lower when it's high; and higher when the goslings are sick, lower when they're healthy. Temperature should remain stable and avoid sudden fluctuations.
Humidity also plays a significant role. While geese are waterfowl, the housing should be dry and well-ventilated. High humidity can lead to poor appetite, weakened immunity, and disease outbreaks. Low humidity, especially in cold conditions, can cause colds and diarrhea. Maintaining proper humidity levels ensures healthy feather growth and reduces respiratory issues.
Density management is equally important. Overcrowding can lead to stress, poor growth, and disease spread, while too little density may waste space and reduce heat retention. Finding the right balance helps maximize survival rates and efficient use of resources.
In addition to temperature, humidity, and density, feeding must be done regularly and in measured amounts. Consistent feeding times help establish a conditioned reflex, ensuring the goslings are ready to eat. Quantitative feeding ensures they receive adequate nutrition without overfeeding. It’s important to adjust feed types based on the age of the geese, including both fine and coarse feeds.
Lighting is another factor that affects growth. Proper illumination supports immune function and overall health. Goslings under one week old should be kept in light for 24 hours daily, gradually reducing the duration each day. Light intensity should be adjusted accordingly—40W bulbs for the first few days, 25W after two weeks. Lights should be placed about 2 meters above the birds.
Good hygiene, regular disinfection, and timely immunization are also vital during the brooding phase. Grouping should be rational, and grazing and bathing opportunities should be provided based on weather conditions. Bathing should start with shallow water and gradually increase depth.
Once the brooding stage is complete, geese enter the maintenance phase, where their bones and feathers develop. During this time, they require more cellulose-rich feed. Feeding methods include grazing, semi-grazing, or full indoor feeding. Grazing-based systems allow for natural foraging, while others may supplement with finer feeds.
Finally, the fattening stage begins around day 65, focusing on increasing feed intake to promote weight gain. Corn and mixed feeds are commonly used, with concentrates making up 80-90% of the diet. Grasses and plant materials fill the remaining portion.
Geese are naturally cold-resistant, but proper housing is still necessary. In summer, shelters should provide shade and ventilation, while in winter, protection from wind is essential. A clean, spacious area with access to water and outdoor space will support healthy and productive geese.
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