In the process of tomato growth and development, it is essential for the plant to absorb a variety of nutrients. When any of these essential elements are lacking, visible symptoms appear on the plant's external structure, which can significantly impact both the yield and quality of the fruit. Below is a detailed overview of some common nutrient deficiencies in tomatoes, along with their symptoms and recommended remedies.
Nitrogen deficiency causes slow growth, with older leaves turning yellow-green first, followed by a general pale green coloration of the entire plant. Leaves become small and upright, with veins changing from yellow-green to dark purple. Stems harden, and fruits are smaller. To address this, you can mix ammonium bicarbonate or urea into decomposed organic fertilizer at a ratio of 10 to 15 times and apply it around the base of the plant after watering. Alternatively, spray the foliage with a 0.2% ammonium bicarbonate solution.
Phosphorus deficiency typically starts with purple discoloration of the leaves, followed by brown spots, stiff leaves, and dark brown tips. The veins may turn purple, and stems become long and fibrous. Fruiting is delayed. Prevention involves applying phosphate fertilizer during the seedling and planting stages, and foliar spraying with a 0.2% to 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution.
Potassium deficiency initially shows as black-brown spots on leaf tips, with dark brown spots on stems and curled leaves. Roots become stunted, and young fruits may drop or become deformed. To correct this, ensure sufficient potassium fertilizer is applied, especially when using organic compost. Potassium sulfate can be applied on either side of the plant, covered with soil. Foliar sprays of 0.2% to 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 1% wood ash leachate can also help.
Calcium deficiency leads to thin, wilted plants with yellowing and shrinking of the inner leaves. In severe cases, the heart leaves die, and the middle leaves develop dark brown patches. Fruits may suffer from umbilical rot. Remedies include applying calcium-rich materials such as lime or wood ash during growth. Spraying a 0.3% to 0.5% calcium chloride solution on the leaves every 3 to 4 days for 2 to 3 times is effective.
Magnesium deficiency affects older leaves first, causing chlorosis that spreads upward. Yellowing between the veins occurs, and leaves may curl and dry out. Apply sufficient organic matter and magnesium fertilizer. If deficiency is detected, spray a 1% to 3% magnesium sulfate solution on the foliage.
Sulfur deficiency results in pale green or yellow-green leaves, often with curled upper leaves and reduced fruiting. Increasing sulfur fertilizers like ammonium sulfate can resolve this issue.
Boron deficiency causes chlorosis or orange-red discoloration, with a dark growing point that may wither. Stems and petioles become brittle, and roots turn brown. Fruits may be deformed with brown spots. A 0.1% to 0.2% borax solution sprayed every 5 to 7 days for 2 to 3 times helps remedy this.
Manganese deficiency causes light green leaves, with yellowing between the veins in younger leaves. A reticular pattern appears, and the leaves may eventually turn yellow. Applying a 1% manganese sulfate solution as a foliar spray can correct this problem.
By understanding these symptoms and taking timely action, gardeners and farmers can maintain healthy tomato plants and improve overall productivity.
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