Juvenile Bao Cultivation (1) Feeding: The juvenile Baoqiao measures approximately 1.85 mm in length, indicating that the first breathing hole has been formed. As they grow to a shell length of 5 mm, their primary food source is benthic diatoms, although young algae can also be consumed. It's important to feed them regularly to ensure proper growth and development.
(2) Stocking Density: Juvenile abalone require careful management of stocking density. When the shell length is between 2.5 mm, the density should be maintained at 0.3–0.5 per cm². For those with a shell length of up to 3 mm, the recommended density is 0.1–0.3 per cm². Once they reach 5 mm, the density should be reduced to 0.1 per cm² to prevent overcrowding and promote healthy growth.
(3) Water Exchange: In small-scale operations, water exchange is typically done 4–6 times, which is sufficient for a survival rate of 70–80%. However, if conditions allow, increasing the frequency to 9 exchanges can significantly improve survival rates, reaching up to 97%.
Peeling Methods (1) Drug Soaking & Anesthesia: Abalone with a shell length of 5 mm or more are usually transferred to a new environment. This process involves using anesthetic solutions to sedate the animals before peeling.
(2) Alternative Peeling Techniques:
- **Seawater Impact**: Ideal for removing young abalone attached to pool walls. A pump with a flow rate of 22 liters per minute is used to flush the abalone, while a cage is placed at the drain to collect them.
- **Temperature Difference Stimulation**: By soaking the attachment plates in seawater of different temperatures, the abalone are encouraged to detach. However, the temperature difference must be controlled to avoid high mortality.
- **Manual Peeling**: This method is considered the safest and most effective. Using brushes or sponges minimizes damage to the hatchlings. Whether using anesthesia or seawater methods, it's essential to use mesh screens to prevent injury during the process.
Young Abalone Cultivation (1) Feeding: During the early stages, young abalone have strong appetites and require a variety of food sources. Kelp, canola, and river fence are commonly used. Initially, fresh algae should be prepared and gradually increased in quantity. Supplemental powdered or flake food can also be introduced.
(2) Light Control: As juvenile abalone develop, their light sensitivity changes from being attracted to light to avoiding it. Therefore, shading equipment should be added to reduce light intensity and create a more comfortable environment.
(3) Stocking Density: Overcrowding should be avoided. For cage culture, 6,000 juveniles with a shell length of 5 mm can be stocked per square meter. On a brick-based system, 4,000 larvae per square meter is ideal. For abalone measuring 10–20 mm, 2,000–3,000 per square meter is recommended.
(4) Water Flow & Aeration: When the shell length reaches about 6 mm, the water flow should be at least 4–6 times the volume of the tank. Aeration should be maintained at 1–1.5% per minute to keep dissolved oxygen levels above 5 mg/L.
(5) Cultivation Methods: Two main techniques are used: cage culture and brick culture.
- **Cage Culture**: Cages made of polyethylene mesh are hung in pools. Inside, a dark hard plastic corrugated plate is placed, with 3 cm diameter holes allowing the abalone to move freely.
- **Brick Culture**: Black hard plastic bricks, 30 cm long, 3 cm thick, and 4 cm wide, are arranged in a grid pattern, spaced 7–10 cm apart. About 15–18 bricks are placed per square meter.
(6) Routine Management: Regular water exchanges and cleaning of the pool are necessary to remove leftover food and debris. Young abalone often attempt to climb out of the water, so they should be monitored and returned to the water promptly. If many young abalone gather near the waterline, check the water quality and increase aeration to maintain optimal conditions.
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