High temperature and drought cotton susceptibility to potassium deficiency

Since the beginning of July, southern China’s cotton district has continued to be hot and drought-prone. Some climate-intensive cotton-producing areas have weathered for more than a month, and some have been evaporating as soon as intermittent rain has fallen. According to experts from the China Cotton Association of the Rural Technology Association, some experts have recently investigated some cotton producing provinces and cities in the south. Some cotton plants with good fertilizer and water conditions and using “two films” have grown 15 to 20 per plant, and a few have reached. About 30 or so, most of the early-morning peaches (before July 31) were about 10 years old, which was an early year.

If this continuous high-temperature and dry weather continues to develop, the growth and development of cotton in the middle and later stages will be inhibited, especially in the case of a sudden encounter of heavy rain, it is easy to cause red-leaved stem blight in some cotton areas. In recent years, we have encountered such diseases on several occasions. It is not due to the infestation of pathogens, but it is caused by the development of physiological disorders. The outstanding performance of this disorder is that the cotton plant withered and the cotton stem surface turned red and then withered. The entire plant or most of the leaves changed from green to red, and the preserved peaches were forced to boil, but the boll weight was reduced. , The decline in lint, serious reduction in production. The main reason, according to a comprehensive investigation and analysis, is the potential shortage of potassium in the cotton field or the application of potassium fertilizer deficiency, especially in the cotton field where the root system is not deeply buried, the development is not good, and the drainage after the rain is not timely. This symptom is more likely to occur.

Another kind of physiological disease is blight, and it is not the invasion of bacteria. In the middle or late July, the author often received phone calls from farmers' friends asking why the leaves of cotton were red and had black spots. I gave them a reply, mostly due to the lack of potassium fertilizer. The symptoms of such potassium deficiency are not the same at different stages. From budding to flowering, the leaves of the leaves appear pale yellow patterns, resembling watermelon rind. After entering the period of bell-ringing, the middle and lower leaves gradually turn red or dark red. Accompanied by brown or black spots, the later spots showed empty holes. After entering the peak period of the bell, the leaf margins of the middle and lower red leaves began to roll over to the back, and the severe leaves of the whole plant were scorched. Years of production practice have proved that different soils have different levels of potassium deficiency, and the symptoms of damage are not the same. Especially in cotton fields with low organic matter content and high sediment content, cotton is often reduced by 10% to 20% or more due to potassium deficiency. .

In order to prevent the occurrence of these two kinds of physiological diseases or reduce the disease as soon as possible, we must take corresponding measures to prevent them: First, in places with better water sources, immediately organize water diversion and drought resistance, and use water to adjust fertilizers to make soil potential Potassium fertilizers are released to increase the supply of potassium, and the drought-resistant time is better, sooner or later, drought relief at noon will increase the shedding rate of buds, flowers and young bells; the second is to quickly apply potassium fertilizer to the cotton fields with obvious symptoms of potassium deficiency. Application of peach fertilizer to slash and apply 10 kg of potash fertilizer with high potassium oxide content. It is not suitable for spreading. It is fast, economical and effective. The third is combined control of insect pests such as cotton bollworm, blind pupa and cotton mealybug. % of urea, 1% to 2% of potassium sulfate, and 0.2% to 0.3% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution.

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