Types of factors Different types of pesticides have different levels of harm to different vegetables. For example, organochlorine pesticides are prone to phytotoxicity on melons.
Formulation factors Different types of pesticides have different susceptibility to phytotoxicity and are usually oil> EC> wettable powder> powder> milk powder> granules. Pesticides such as oils, emulsifiable concentrates, and precipitates, fast wettable powders, low suspension rates, and powder flocculation all increase the likelihood of phytotoxicity. The higher the use concentration, the more likely to produce phytotoxicity. Generally easy to dissolve in water, pesticides with low molecular weight are easy to produce phytotoxicity. For example, Bordeaux's solution is safe for many kinds of vegetables, while copper sulphate is easy to contain in water and is not safe for growing vegetables.
Inadequate storage due to methodological factors, resulting in the loss of pesticide labels, or unclear labeling, or mistaking the drug name, or using the wrong drug, or that any herbicide can be used as long as it is a herbicide, it will produce serious phytotoxicity, even out of production. .
Improper mixing of two or more pesticides misuse can also cause injury. If Bordeaux mixture and lime sulfur cannot be used together, they should also be used at intervals.
Water quality Diluting pesticides All used water quality has different effects on the physicochemical properties of pesticides, sometimes increasing phytotoxicity. If hard water is used to dilute EC pesticides, it may cause injury.
Residues can cause phytotoxicity to sensitive vegetables year after year due to the long-term continuous use of certain pesticides that are highly persistent.
When the pesticide is used in drifting, particles fly or mist drift can cause phytotoxicity to sensitive crops around. For example, irrigating herbicides on welsh onions may cause injury to cowpeas.
Nebulizer sprays are not thoroughly sprayed with herbicides. If the sprays are not thoroughly cleaned before they are used to spray pesticides on vegetables, the residual herbicides may cause injury to the vegetables.
Resistance to the drug The resistance of different vegetables, different varieties, and different growth stages to pesticides is different. Cruciferae, Solanaceae, Gramineae vegetables have strong anti-drug resistance, and leguminous vegetables have weak anti-drug resistance. Melon vegetables have the weakest resistance. Cabbage is sensitive to copper-containing fungicides, melons are sensitive to carbaryl, and melons and beans cannot be exposed to 2.4-D herbicides. In addition, the ability of different vegetables to resist injury at different growth stages or different parts of the plant, such as the young part of young vegetables and vegetables, weak resistance during flowering, and easy to produce phytotoxicity. Leaf waxy or more hairy vegetables are less prone to phytotoxicity.
Environmental factors High-temperature application is easy to produce phytotoxicity, so it should not be sprayed at high temperatures, especially in hot weather, do not apply at high temperatures at noon. Some pesticides are prone to phytotoxicity when used in rainy weather. Bordeaux fluids are prone to injury when used in rainy or wet conditions. Sunlight is strongly prone to phytotoxicity. Vegetables grown in sandy soils and organic soils are prone to phytotoxicity, followed by loam, and clay-organic soils are less likely to cause phytotoxicity.
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