In summer, if the timing and methods of using green feed, the amount and manner of feeding are improper, it will lead to unbalanced nutrition of livestock and poultry, poor digestion and metabolism, impeded growth and development, even livestock and poultry poisoning, and livestock products with food safety risks. problem. In order to improve the safe feeding level of livestock and poultry green and green feed in summer and achieve the scientific and efficient use of the summer green feed growth season, the key technologies are now described as follows:
First, green feed safety feeding technology
1. The right amount of green feed. The amount of green feed for livestock and poultry is closely related to such factors as livestock and poultry species, production performance, physiological stage and environmental conditions. Judging from the species of livestock and poultry, ruminants such as cattle and sheep can use more green fodder and can be used as the only source of fodder; however, pigs, chickens and other food-grade fodder can only be used as supplementary feed. . Cattle and sheep can use more green feed, but there are still a number of restrictions, green feed fed to dairy cows, the general production of dairy cows daily feed volume of 30 to 50 kg; adult beef cattle 15 to 20 kg; adult sheep 5 to 8 kg. Green feed for pigs generally accounts for about 30% of pig diets. Pigs and fattening pigs have to be fed less. Empty sows and mid-pregnancy sows can increase their feed. Green feed can account for 50 of the diet. %. Chickens are fed green feed primarily as a vitamin supplement. Green feed generally accounts for 15% to 20% of chick diets and 20% to 30% of adult chicken diets. In summer, the feeding amount of livestock and poultry green feed can be increased or decreased according to the temperature, and the temperature can be increased. The green feed can be used to increase the amount of feed, and the decrease in temperature can be used to reduce the amount of feed.
2. Fresh feeding of green feed. In summer, livestock and poultry are fed green feed, preferably according to the requirements of livestock and poultry, and they are supplied fresh and fresh, because the stored green food will heat and ferment under high temperature conditions, which will not only make most of the vitamins and proteins in the green feed. Denaturation, decreased activity, and even destruction, and some of the non-protein nitrogen contained in the stems and leaves, such as nitrates, form nitrite under the action of nitrifying bacteria and nitric enzymes. Livestock and poultry consume green feed containing nitrite. Livestock and gastrointestinal disease such as diarrhoea is produced in livestock and poultry with low food intake. Nitrite poisoning occurs in livestock and poultry with large feed intake, and severe death can result.
3. Suitable feeding of green feed. The harvest time of green feed for livestock and poultry should be appropriate. Because green feed is harvested too early, it is not only safe for feeding livestock and poultry, but also has a low amount of grass. Therefore, the timing of green feed for feeding livestock and poultry must be comprehensively taken into account in the amount of grass production, nutrient content, and safety of feeding.
4. Green feed for defense feeding. In order to prevent the occurrence of pesticide poisoning, spraying pesticides in vegetable fields, farmland, orchards and cotton fields associated with the production of green fodder should use high-efficiency, low-toxicity pesticides as far as possible, and fully grasp the pesticides before feeding the green-green feedstuffs. The time of spraying, the type of pesticides, and the safety interval, etc., as far as possible after the spraying of pesticides, when it is confirmed that the green feed can be safely used, it can be harvested and fed to prevent pesticide poisoning. Some types of green fodder itself contain some precursors of toxic substances. For example, grasses in leguminous plants contain coumarin. When cattle consume metamorphic grasses containing dicoumarin in summer, poisoning occurs. In order to avoid the occurrence of double coumarin poisoning, when feeding cows to feed the grass crickets, they must be fed freshly and feed on the side, and the feeding amount should be increased from little to large. Gradually increase the amount, and do not feed the moulds that have become mildewed. .
Second, the efficient use of green feed technology
1. Selection of green feed types. In order to improve the safety and efficient use of green feed, according to the differences in the physiological characteristics of livestock and poultry and the characteristics of digestion and absorption of forage grass, suitable types of green feed can be selected to feed livestock and poultry. Ruminants such as cattle and sheep can choose to feed some green fiber feeds with high crude fiber content, and can use grass green feeds such as ryegrass, fescue, sudan grass, mexican corn, and imperial bamboo grass, and feed sweet Gao Hao et al. Pigs, rabbits, geese, etc. can properly use some of the crude fiber, generally can choose the green fiber feed with lower crude fiber content, such as European chicory, pine cone herb, Rumex, American corn pods, bitter vegetables, etc.; Choose mature green fiber feed with higher crude fiber content and lower crude fiber content in the early growth stage, such as alfalfa, white clover, red bean grass, ryegrass, etc., and choose to feed pigs, rabbits, geese, etc. in the early stages of growth. . Chickens, ducks, etc. need green, blue, green, and less green food, so the green feed for feeding chickens and ducks should be used for early castration or grazing.
2. The scientific mix of green feed. The first is based on the difference in the content of nutrients in green feed, and they are complemented and fed together. Different types of green feed contain different nutrients. The crude protein content of leguminous herbage is higher, and the content of crude fiber material is higher in grasses. The combination of the two pastures can form nutritional complements and increase the utilization of nutritive substances in the two herbage species. rate. Second, according to the differences in nutrient and moisture content between green feed and roughage, mutual reciprocal promotion can not only improve the palatability of roughage, but also can reduce the number of ruminant ruminants in ruminants such as cattle and sheep caused by separate feeding of green fodder and even not ruminate. problem. Third, based on the needs of livestock and poultry growth and production, the full-price mix of concentrate feed, roughage feed, and green feed is conducted. According to the nutrition characteristics of each type of feed and the nutritional needs of livestock and poultry growth and production, a fully mixed diet that meets the needs of livestock and poultry is produced to improve the production performance of livestock and poultry.
3. The modulation and processing of green feed. The preparation of cattle and sheep fed with green feed can be performed by greening the green feed with the dried crop stalks. The specific method is: on the drying field, wheat straw with a thickness of about 25 to 30 cm is laid first, and the wheat straw is laid on the drying field. A greenish feed with a high moisture content of about 25 to 30 cm is laid on top, and then about 25 to 30 cm of wheat straw is laid on top of the green feed. After being laid, it is rolled with a stone mill or a roller to push out the juice of the green feed. It is absorbed by wheat straw. Pigs and geese fed on the green feed can be beaten and brewed. The specific method is: Beat the harvested green feed with a pulper. The green feed after beating can be directly mixed with dry powder or can be fed with roughage. Powder mixed fermentation, fed with concentrate feed.
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