The most suitable temperature for laying hens production is 17°C～28°C. The temperature with little effect on production is approximately 7°C～27°C. When the summer temperature in Shandong generally exceeds 35°C, the chicken will faint and reach chickens at 40°C. Death will occur. Experiments have shown that when the temperature in the house reaches 30°C or more, the rooster sperm is reduced, the sexual maturity of the hen is postponed, the fertilization rate is reduced by 60%, and the egg production of the laying hens is generally reduced. At the same time, the blood calcium declines, the acid-base balance is misaligned, and it is easy to induce other diseases. Diseases such as E. coli, mycoticosis, etc. Because of the large body size, easy fat deposition and heat dissipation difficulties, broilers have determined that their resistance to heat stress is even worse. Therefore, in summer hot weather, if you do not take effective measures to prevent heatstroke, lighter production performance will be reduced, and severe heat stroke deaths. Summer cooling can take the following measures:
First, chickens cool down
1. Experiments show that in summer, when the temperature is high, with the direct sunlight, the white surface temperature is only 41.5°C, while the black color can reach 80°C, because 70% of the heat in the white roof can be emitted as radiant heat. In order to reduce the temperature inside the house can be treated with white lime or white cement roof. 2. The roof water spray can effectively reduce the heat increase in the house. Generally, the water spray is performed before the high temperature (9:00 to 10:00) and kept moist.
Second, to enhance ventilation General requirements for high temperatures, the wind speed requirements within the house to reach 1 m / s or more, so that the body temperature can drop more than 3 °C. The following measures can be taken to strengthen ventilation in the house: 1. Increase the ventilation openings of the house; 2. Increase the number of exhaust fans; 3. Reduce the cross-sectional area: most of the houses in Shandong Province adopt lateral ventilation, so the house span should be 6-8. This range of meters in order to get a good ventilation effect. 4. Night ventilation: If the temperature can fall by 10°C to 15°C during the night, the chicken's tolerance to high temperatures during the day will be greatly enhanced.
Third, to improve the external environment of chicken coops Planting trees around the coop, trees can shade, grass can absorb heat, turf ground can absorb 80% to 90% of the heat, only 20% to 10% refracted, without grass The opposite is true.
IV. Measures to reduce temperature in the chicken house
1. Set the water curtain or the circulation curtain at the air inlet. 2. Spraying device can be used to spray cold water (preferably in the water by adding a suitable disinfectant, such as adding Dabei Nongweikang can be 1:1000 to 1500 ratio) so that it can directly reduce the temperature and evaporative cooling, but also play with The role of chicken disinfection, but the relative humidity within the house can not exceed 50%. 3. “Small White Dragon Cooling Methodâ€: The nylon tube coil of the irrigated farmland is filled with cold water in the house (9:00am to 10:00am), which can effectively reduce the temperature inside the house, and the chicken can also lie on the pipe. It is very comfortable. 4. Keep enough water in the sink to ensure that the depth of the water is in place: When the Shewin reaches 28°C, the amount of water needed for each 1°C increase will increase by 10ml a day, so you must give enough water. The deeper the water in the sink, the easier it is for chickens to dipped in the head and keep it cool. According to the personnel of the Poultry Research Institute of the University of Texas, it is found that laying hens in the hot season can keep their head cool and increase the laying rate. A cold air cooling device can be installed at the head of the chicken to improve the production performance of the chicken.
Fifth, improve feeding and management
1. Properly adjust the basic diet: Carbohydrates are the main source of heat sources in chickens. Under high temperature conditions, fats can be used instead of the same amount of carbohydrates, which can significantly improve the heat stress and poultry production performance. 2. Adjust the feeding method: When the shepherd temperature is higher than 25°C, the feed intake of the chicken is reduced by 1.7% for every 1°C increase. Therefore, in the high temperature weather, the water is fed when it is cool in the morning and late, and it is drinking at high temperature in the noon.
Sixth, drugs heatstroke
1. Adding 1.5 to 2 grams of VC per kilogram of feed can inhibit body temperature increase, increase food, and have anti-heat stress effect.
2. Drinking water with 0.1% sodium bicarbonate can regulate acid-base balance in the body. In hot summer, chickens remove excess body heat to speed up breathing, leading to excessive CO2 removal, carbonate ions (CO3-2) in the blood drop, CaCO3, the main component of the eggshell, is not fully guaranteed, resulting in decreased eggshell quality, soft Shell eggs and white shell eggs increase. Baking soda (NaHCO3) can complement CO3-2. The general dosage is between 0.1% and 0.5%, but the amount of salt should be reduced accordingly to prevent excessive sodium ingestion. For example, when the temperature is 30°C and the relative humidity is 65%, NaHCO3 0.25% and 0.2% salt are appropriate.
3. Adding 0.1% fumaric acid to the diet can calm down, reduce activity, reduce metabolism, and reduce body heat production.
4. Add 70ppm (70g/ton feed) of salinomycin to the diet to stabilize egg production, prevent heat stress, and prevent coccidia.
5. Drinking water to join the large North rural Weili Kang (100 grams against 200 kg of water), nutritional supplements, improve the body's immune system, reduce the impact of heat stress.
7. First-aid measures for heat stress in chickens 1. Place shaded areas for ventilation; 2. Dip water, especially head
First, chickens cool down
1. Experiments show that in summer, when the temperature is high, with the direct sunlight, the white surface temperature is only 41.5°C, while the black color can reach 80°C, because 70% of the heat in the white roof can be emitted as radiant heat. In order to reduce the temperature inside the house can be treated with white lime or white cement roof. 2. The roof water spray can effectively reduce the heat increase in the house. Generally, the water spray is performed before the high temperature (9:00 to 10:00) and kept moist.
Second, to enhance ventilation General requirements for high temperatures, the wind speed requirements within the house to reach 1 m / s or more, so that the body temperature can drop more than 3 °C. The following measures can be taken to strengthen ventilation in the house: 1. Increase the ventilation openings of the house; 2. Increase the number of exhaust fans; 3. Reduce the cross-sectional area: most of the houses in Shandong Province adopt lateral ventilation, so the house span should be 6-8. This range of meters in order to get a good ventilation effect. 4. Night ventilation: If the temperature can fall by 10°C to 15°C during the night, the chicken's tolerance to high temperatures during the day will be greatly enhanced.
Third, to improve the external environment of chicken coops Planting trees around the coop, trees can shade, grass can absorb heat, turf ground can absorb 80% to 90% of the heat, only 20% to 10% refracted, without grass The opposite is true.
IV. Measures to reduce temperature in the chicken house
1. Set the water curtain or the circulation curtain at the air inlet. 2. Spraying device can be used to spray cold water (preferably in the water by adding a suitable disinfectant, such as adding Dabei Nongweikang can be 1:1000 to 1500 ratio) so that it can directly reduce the temperature and evaporative cooling, but also play with The role of chicken disinfection, but the relative humidity within the house can not exceed 50%. 3. “Small White Dragon Cooling Methodâ€: The nylon tube coil of the irrigated farmland is filled with cold water in the house (9:00am to 10:00am), which can effectively reduce the temperature inside the house, and the chicken can also lie on the pipe. It is very comfortable. 4. Keep enough water in the sink to ensure that the depth of the water is in place: When the Shewin reaches 28°C, the amount of water needed for each 1°C increase will increase by 10ml a day, so you must give enough water. The deeper the water in the sink, the easier it is for chickens to dipped in the head and keep it cool. According to the personnel of the Poultry Research Institute of the University of Texas, it is found that laying hens in the hot season can keep their head cool and increase the laying rate. A cold air cooling device can be installed at the head of the chicken to improve the production performance of the chicken.
Fifth, improve feeding and management
1. Properly adjust the basic diet: Carbohydrates are the main source of heat sources in chickens. Under high temperature conditions, fats can be used instead of the same amount of carbohydrates, which can significantly improve the heat stress and poultry production performance. 2. Adjust the feeding method: When the shepherd temperature is higher than 25°C, the feed intake of the chicken is reduced by 1.7% for every 1°C increase. Therefore, in the high temperature weather, the water is fed when it is cool in the morning and late, and it is drinking at high temperature in the noon.
Sixth, drugs heatstroke
1. Adding 1.5 to 2 grams of VC per kilogram of feed can inhibit body temperature increase, increase food, and have anti-heat stress effect.
2. Drinking water with 0.1% sodium bicarbonate can regulate acid-base balance in the body. In hot summer, chickens remove excess body heat to speed up breathing, leading to excessive CO2 removal, carbonate ions (CO3-2) in the blood drop, CaCO3, the main component of the eggshell, is not fully guaranteed, resulting in decreased eggshell quality, soft Shell eggs and white shell eggs increase. Baking soda (NaHCO3) can complement CO3-2. The general dosage is between 0.1% and 0.5%, but the amount of salt should be reduced accordingly to prevent excessive sodium ingestion. For example, when the temperature is 30°C and the relative humidity is 65%, NaHCO3 0.25% and 0.2% salt are appropriate.
3. Adding 0.1% fumaric acid to the diet can calm down, reduce activity, reduce metabolism, and reduce body heat production.
4. Add 70ppm (70g/ton feed) of salinomycin to the diet to stabilize egg production, prevent heat stress, and prevent coccidia.
5. Drinking water to join the large North rural Weili Kang (100 grams against 200 kg of water), nutritional supplements, improve the body's immune system, reduce the impact of heat stress.
7. First-aid measures for heat stress in chickens 1. Place shaded areas for ventilation; 2. Dip water, especially head
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