First, chicks are raised. When broilers are purchased, they are placed in a brooding house. The temperature in the brooder should be maintained at 32°C to 34°C during the first week, then gradually reduced by 2 to 3°C each week. Once the chickens are over 30 days old, the temperature can be adjusted according to the ambient conditions, ideally reaching 18°C to 21°C. Humidity should be kept around 65% to 70% in the first week and then lowered to 50% to 60% afterward. Feed can either be purchased as a complete feed or prepared at home, depending on availability and cost.
Second, grazing options. Chicks can be raised in various open areas such as forested land, shrubs, grassy hills, slopes, or even orchards. These environments provide natural foraging opportunities and help improve the health and flavor of the meat. It's important to select a safe and accessible area that offers shelter from harsh weather and predators.
Third, chicken house construction. The housing should be built according to local conditions, using simple and durable materials. A plastic greenhouse is often an economical and practical choice, especially in areas with moderate climates. The structure should face south to maximize sunlight exposure and heat retention. A recommended stocking density is 8 to 10 chickens per square meter, ensuring enough space for movement and comfort.
Fourth, stocking and management. 1. Before placing the chicks in the house, it's essential to vaccinate them against Newcastle disease. The first vaccination should be given between 7 to 10 days of age, and the second dose at 30 days. 2. When the chicks are about one month old and weigh between 0.25 to 0.3 kg, they can be moved to the grazing area. This should be done gradually, starting with short periods and increasing the time as they adapt. During the initial phase, adding vitamin C or multivitamins to their feed or water can help reduce stress. 3. Training methods involve using food to lure the chickens toward the mountain and blowing a whistle to create a conditioned response. This helps them learn to return to the feeding area and drink water. 4. Supplemental feeding and watering should be monitored closely. Depending on the season and the flock's needs, feed may be provided once or twice daily, while water should be available 2 to 3 times a day. In bad weather or when outdoor access is limited, supplemental feeding should be done. A typical diet might include 68% corn, 18% soybean meal, 8.5% fishmeal, 4% rice bran, 0.75% shell powder, 0.5% bone meal, 0.25% salt, and 100 grams per chicken per day. 5. Always check the weather forecast. If bad weather is expected, avoid letting the chickens out. In case of rainstorms or hail, bring them back to the house immediately to prevent injury or loss. 6. Preventing predation is crucial. Regularly inspect the area for signs of foxes, rats, weasels, or snakes and take necessary measures to keep them away.
Fifth, feeding, raising, and slaughter. It’s common to raise and slaughter 2 to 3 batches annually. For example, hatching typically occurs from March to May, brooding from April to June, growing from May to July, and slaughtering from August to November. To maintain a steady supply for the market, some farmers choose to hatch year-round, combining free-range and confined farming methods. This ensures consistent production and better market stability.
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