In the second quarter of China's Central Plains, the ideal growing period for spring potatoes lasts only 60–70 days. Based on soil fertility and current farming practices, farmers have developed the "three early mornings and three coincidences" efficient planting technique, which is highly suitable for adoption in northern regions.
**Three Earlys:**
**Early Variety Selection:**
Choosing early-maturing varieties is crucial for achieving high yields, stable production, and quality in spring potatoes. Varieties that mature within 70 days from planting to harvest are ideal. Currently, the most recommended ones include Holland No. 7, Holland No. 15, and Zhengshu No. 6.
**Early Germination:**
Pre-germinating seed potatoes before planting helps achieve uniform emergence, strong seedlings, and earlier growth. The process involves cutting seed potatoes 25–30 days before planting into 40–50 pieces per kilogram, ensuring each piece has 1–2 middle or upper shoot buds. After cutting, they are treated with ash to heal cuts, then placed in a warm, moist environment (covered with wet sand and plastic film) until sprouts reach 2–3 cm. These sprouts are then exposed to light for 3–5 days to strengthen them before sowing.
**Early Sowing:**
Once the soil thaws, it’s important to prepare the field by watering, fertilizing, and tilling as soon as possible. In early March, when temperatures stabilize above 7°C, planting can begin. Ridge planting is recommended, with double rows, large spacing of 70–80 cm, small spacing of 30–40 cm, and 23–27 cm between plants. After sowing, a herbicide is applied, and the field is covered with plastic film to maintain warmth and moisture.
**Three Coincidences:**
**Skillful Fertilization:**
Since early-maturing potatoes have a short growth cycle, it's essential to apply base fertilizer and seed fertilizer before planting. Typically, 1–2 tons of composted chicken manure, 30–40 kg of potassium sulfate, 15 kg of urea, and 25–30 kg of diammonium phosphate are used. Most of the organic and chemical fertilizers are mixed into the soil before planting, with some placed directly in the furrow.
**Water Management:**
Potatoes require consistent water supply for high yield. Watering is not needed before emergence, but after seedlings appear, the first irrigation should be done carefully. Once the plant begins to bud, the tubers start to swell, and regular watering every 7–10 days is necessary to support rapid tuber development.
**Smart Field Management:**
Within 15–20 days after sowing, the plastic film should be removed to allow seedlings to emerge. At the budding stage, foliar sprays with insecticides like 10% imidacloprid (1000 times dilution) and 20% emamectin (1500 times dilution) help control pests such as aphids and spider mites. A 15% paclobutrazol solution (750 times) can also be sprayed to promote tuber growth. Combining these treatments with foliar fertilizers like potassium dihydrogen phosphate improves both yield and quality.
This comprehensive approach ensures optimal growth conditions for early-maturing potatoes, making it an effective strategy for farmers in the region.
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