During the day, when temperatures exceed 34°C and nighttime temperatures remain above 20°C, or when continuous high temperatures of 40°C occur for up to four hours, plants may experience anti-dropping and fruit-dropping. High temperatures can cause excessive stem elongation, which leads to ovary shrinkage, resulting in poor pollination, reduced stamen fertility, and ultimately fruit drop.
To manage this issue, several control measures can be implemented. First, use a shade net to lower the temperature around the plants. Second, apply a balanced fertilization technique, avoiding excessive nitrogen application. Watering should be done in small amounts, not through flooding, to maintain proper moisture levels and balance with temperature. Third, if pollination is inadequate, spraying auxins like 2,4-D can help. Follow the instructions carefully and apply it by spraying or wiping the flowers as needed.
It’s important to note that while 2,4-D is a widely used method to prevent phytotoxicity, improper concentration can still cause damage. The recommended concentration depends on the post-planting temperature: between 15°C and 20°C, use 10–15 ppm. When temperatures rise, reduce the concentration to 6–8 ppm. Avoid direct contact with tender shoots or young leaves, and never spray directly on them. If there are many flowers in the field, consider using a higher concentration, such as 25–40 ppm, to reduce the risk of over-spraying. Always follow safety guidelines and test on a small area first before full application.
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