How to increase the commodity rate of Red Fuji apples has always been a critical issue in orchard management. Over the years, through extensive field experiments and practical production, the author has accumulated valuable experience and implemented various effective measures to improve the quality and marketability of Red Fuji apples. Here are some key strategies:
1. How to Increase the Weight of Red Fuji Apples
1.1 Enhancing fertilizer input, especially organic fertilizers, is fundamental for ensuring that trees receive sufficient nutrients, leading to stronger growth and heavier fruits. For instance, Wang Qingzhen’s orchard uses over 1,500 kg of high-quality sheep manure per 667 square meters annually, along with more than 200 kg of oil cake and 30 kg of phosphorus. Additionally, leaf fertilizer is sprayed 5–6 times each year. This practice results in an average yield of 4 tons per hectare with a commodity rate of around 90%, demonstrating the effectiveness of this approach.
1.2 Thinning fruit and managing tree load is another essential factor in increasing single fruit weight. By maintaining a reasonable fruit load on the tree, each fruit receives adequate nutrients, resulting in uniform size and higher commercial value.
2. How to Improve the Fruit Shape Index of Red Fuji
Proper pruning to develop strong, long fruiting branches is crucial for improving the shape index. Fruits on long and medium fruiting branches tend to be more evenly shaped and have a better appearance. Short fruiting branches often produce rounder or flattened fruits. Techniques such as using fruit growth regulators can also help enhance the fruit shape.
3. How to Improve the Coloring Index of Red Fuji Apples
3.1 A well-structured tree with proper pruning allows for better light penetration, which is essential for even coloring. Trees with a sparse layered, happy-shaped, or spindle-shaped structure can achieve good lighting if the branch angles are properly opened and large branches between layers are managed effectively.
3.2 Practices such as bagging, leaf picking, fruit turning, and using reflective films under the tree can significantly improve color development. However, these methods work best when combined with good light conditions.
3.3 Increasing the use of organic and phosphorus-potassium fertilizers while reducing nitrogen application helps improve fruit coloration. In 2000, farmers who used bio-phosphorus saw improved color without a drop in the coloring index, showing its positive impact.
3.4 Spraying sweetening agents like American Fructose, Chilisch, or Red Fruit 88 has proven effective in enhancing fruit sweetness and color.
3.5 Protecting the tree from pests like red spider mites is vital. These pests not only hinder fruit development but also reduce fruit color and quality.
3.6 Girdling (cutting) during the growing season (June) can slow down the tree's growth and promote nutrient accumulation in the fruits, thus improving color. However, care must be taken not to girdle weak branches or trees.
3.7 Harvesting at the right time is important. Early harvesting can negatively affect both color and quality, so timing is key.
4. How to Improve the Taste and Flavor of Red Fuji Apples
4.1 Improving soil structure plays a significant role in flavor. Sandy loam soils with good drainage and irrigation are ideal. If the soil is too compact or clay-heavy, it can lead to sour, hard fruits. Adding organic matter or green manure can improve soil texture and enhance fruit taste.
4.2 Increasing organic and phosphorus-potassium fertilizers while minimizing nitrogen application helps maintain fruit sweetness and flavor. Excess nitrogen leads to green, acidic fruits with poor storage qualities.
4.3 Spraying sweeteners or combining them with trace elements can boost sugar content and improve flavor.
4.4 Delaying harvest until mid-to-late October allows the fruit to fully develop its flavor.
4.5 Pre-harvest irrigation one month before harvest ensures the tree remains hydrated, supporting optimal fruit development and quality.
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