The sweet pepper plastic greenhouse is typically cultivated in late autumn, starting in June and harvested from early October to late November. Fruits harvested in the later stages can be stored for 1 to 2 months, making them ideal for sale during major holidays like the New Year and Spring Festival, when market prices are higher and economic returns are better. Below are the key techniques for growing bell peppers after the fall of large greenhouses.
**I. Variety Selection**
Choose varieties with strong disease resistance, good commercial value, and long shelf life. For areas that prefer early-maturing varieties, "Yanyanxin 6" is a great option due to its early fruiting, high yield, and strong resistance. In regions where larger fruits and mid-late maturing varieties are preferred, "Yanyan No. 12" and "Yanyan No. 13" are recommended for their thick flesh, disease resistance, and high productivity.
**II. Shade and Rain Protection, Proper Seedling Cultivation**
In the central southern region of the province, seedlings are usually sown in late June. During the hot and rainy season, it's best to use nutrient pots or plug trays. Nursery farms should be located on high, well-drained ground and equipped with rainproof shelters. Key points during the nursery process include:
1. **Seedbed Setup**: To prevent virus infections, seedlings should be grown in greenhouses with shade nets on top and insect nets on the sides.
2. **Nutrient Soil Preparation**: Use 50% fertile sandy loam soil not previously used for solanaceous crops, mixed with 50% well-rotted manure. Add 0.5–1 kg of NPK compound fertilizer and 2.5 kg of amino acid fertilizer per cubic meter. Water the beds before sowing and apply 15 ml of Shilokaku nutrient solution every 15–20 square meters.
3. **Seed Disinfection**: Soak seeds in 55°C warm water for 20–30 minutes, then in 10% trisodium phosphate for 15 minutes. Rinse thoroughly and treat with Shiro.
4. **Pest and Disease Management**: After germination, spray Dakkonin at 600 times dilution, alternating with Amisidae. From 2–3 true leaves, spray a mixture of 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1% urea, and 0.2% zinc sulfate every 7–10 days for 2–3 times to promote flower buds and strengthen plant immunity.
5. **Growth Regulation**: Once two true leaves appear, apply 1.5–2 g/m² of Dwarf Mixing Soil and sprinkle it evenly on the soil surface. Keep the soil moist. If seedlings grow too tall, spray 500 mg/kg Chlormequat to control growth.
**III. Balanced Fertilization and Timely Planting**
Apply decomposed chicken manure (3–4 tons per mu), 100 kg superphosphate, 20 kg potassium sulfate, 3 kg copper sulfate, 1 kg zinc sulfate, 1 kg borax, and 1 kg biological potash. After deep plowing, set rows 75 cm apart. Dig trenches 1.5 m wide and add 15 kg diammonium phosphate. Mix well with the soil. Plant each seedling 40 cm apart, resulting in an average density of 2,200 plants per mu. For "Yanyan No. 13," which has strong growth potential, reduce density to 1,600–1,800 plants per acre. Plant in early August, preferably in the afternoon, and use 1.3 kg of dexamethasone with irrigation water to prevent diseases.
**IV. Field Management**
Start top-dressing when the pepper diameter reaches 2–3 cm, using 15–20 kg of high-grade compound fertilizer per mu. During the full fruiting period, alternate between water and fertilizer, applying ternary compound fertilizer and available nitrogen fertilizer regularly.
**V. Timely Pest and Disease Control**
Follow the principle of "prevention first, integrated management." Focus on controlling pests such as aphids, thrips, and viral diseases during the early planting and seedling stages. When spraying pesticides, also apply virus A to manage viral diseases. Use Dakkonin and Amisidae to prevent fungal diseases, especially during critical periods like pre-planting, post-planting, and rainy seasons. Spray 1–2 times to prevent fungal diseases. For bacterial diseases, use neomycin, streptomycin sulfate, and ferric copper carboxylate (DT fungicide). Chemical control should be applied every 7–10 days for 2–3 consecutive sprays. For soil-borne diseases, apply treatments during the seedling stage, planting, and after planting through irrigation.
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