The sweet pepper plastic greenhouse is typically cultivated in late autumn, with planting starting in June and harvesting beginning in early October, continuing until late November. Fruits harvested in the later stages can be stored for 1 to 2 months, making them ideal for the New Year’s Day and Spring Festival markets, where prices are high and economic returns are favorable. Here are the key techniques for growing bell peppers after the fall of large greenhouses.
**I. Variety Selection**
Choose varieties that are disease-resistant, have good commercial value, and long shelf life. For regions preferring early-maturing types, "Yanyanxin 6" is a great option due to its early fruiting, strong resistance, and high yield. For those who prefer larger fruits and mid-to-late maturing varieties, "Yanyan No. 12" and "Yanyan No. 13" are excellent choices, offering thick flesh, disease resistance, and high productivity.
**II. Shade and Rain Protection, Nurturing Healthy Seedlings**
In the central-southern region of the province, seedlings are usually sown in late June. During the hot and rainy season, it's recommended to use nutrient pots or plug trays. Nurseries should be located on well-drained, elevated ground and equipped with rainproof shelters. Key steps during the nursery phase include:
1. **Seedbed Setup**: To prevent viral infections, seedlings should be grown in greenhouses. A shade net should be installed on top, and insect nets on the sides.
2. **Nutrient Soil Preparation**: Use 50% fertile sandy loam soil not previously used for solanaceous crops, mixed with 50% well-rotted manure. Add 0.5–1 kg of NPK compound fertilizer and 2.5 kg of amino acid fertilizer per cubic meter. Water the bed before sowing and apply a nutrient solution (15 ml of Shilokaku per 15–20 square meters).
3. **Seed Disinfection**: Soak seeds in 55°C warm water for 20–30 minutes, then in 10% trisodium phosphate for 15 minutes. Rinse and treat with Shiro.
4. **Pest and Disease Control**: After germination, spray Dakkonin at 600 times dilution, alternating with Amisidae. From 2–3 true leaves, apply a mixture of 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1% urea, and 0.2% zinc sulfate every 7–10 days for 2–3 times to promote flowering and enhance disease resistance.
5. **Growth Regulation**: After emergence, to prevent excessive growth, apply 1.5–2 g/m² of Dwarf Mixing Soil and sprinkle on the soil surface. Keep the soil moist. If seedlings grow too tall, spray with 500 mg/kg Chlormequat to control growth.
**III. Balanced Fertilization and Timely Planting**
Apply 3–4 tons of decomposed chicken manure, 100 kg of superphosphate, 20 kg of potassium sulfate, 3 kg of copper sulfate, 1 kg of zinc sulfate, 1 kg of borax, and 1 kg of biological potash. After deep plowing, set rows 75 cm apart. Dig trenches 1.5 m wide and 15 kg of diammonium phosphate. Mix thoroughly with soil. Plant at 40 cm intervals, with an average density of 2200 plants per mu. "Yanyan No. 13" has strong growth potential, so planting density can be reduced to 1600–1800 plants per acre. Plant in early August, preferably in the afternoon, and use 1.3 kg of dexamethasone with irrigation water to prevent diseases.
**IV. Fruit Management**
When the pepper diameter reaches 2–3 cm, start top-dressing with 15–20 kg of compound fertilizer per mu. During the full fruiting period, alternate between ternary compound fertilizer and available nitrogen fertilizer, applying both with water.
**V. Timely Pest and Disease Control**
Follow the principle of “prevention first, integrated management.†In the early stages of planting and seedling development, control locusts, tea thrips, and virus diseases. When spraying pesticides, also apply virus A to manage Phytophthora and other diseases. Spray Dakkonin and Amisidae to prevent fungal diseases, especially before and after planting and during the rainy season. Apply fungicides 1–2 times as needed. For bacterial diseases, use neomycin, streptomycin sulfate, or ferric copper carboxylate (DT). Chemical control should be applied every 7–10 days, for 2–3 consecutive times. For soil-borne diseases, apply treatments during the seedling stage, planting, and post-planting periods through irrigation.
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