Due to the fact that jaundice is a carnivorous fish, it has a tendency to cannibalize when food is scarce. This behavior makes it essential to implement high-density farming techniques when raising Astragalus membranaceus. To manage this, small-scale pond systems—such as cement ponds, earthen ponds, and net cages with an area of 30 square meters or less—are commonly used. These systems, known as "small pond dense culture," have proven highly effective in terms of management, survival rates, growth speed, and economic returns. Below are the key technologies involved in this cultivation method.
First, the design and construction of small ponds vary depending on local conditions. Cage culture is suitable for reservoirs and fish ponds, while paddy fields with good water retention can be converted into earthen ponds. For areas with poor water conditions, cement pools are recommended. Each setup has its own advantages, such as cost-effectiveness for earthen ponds and long-term durability for cement tanks.
Cages made from durable polyethylene mesh are ideal for aquaculture. They are typically rectangular, with a bottom area of 6–30 square meters and a depth of 1–1.5 meters. Floating cages can be constructed using materials like waste oil barrels and tires in deeper waters. Earthen ponds are created by converting paddy fields into small, manageable units, often at a low cost. Cement pools, although more expensive upfront, offer long-term benefits with easy maintenance and water conservation.
Next, preparation before stocking involves several steps. New cement ponds should be soaked for at least seven days to neutralize alkalinity, and the walls should be scrubbed to remove any residue. Mesh cages must be soaked to allow algae to grow, preventing injury to the fish. Aquatic plants such as water hyacinth are then introduced to provide shelter and improve water quality. These plants should be disinfected with solutions like "Cangbao No. 2" or lime to eliminate pathogens.
For breeding stock, wild-caught jaundice is commonly used. Fish are usually purchased between April and September and sold during winter, offering a significant profit margin. Careful selection is crucial—avoiding damaged or diseased individuals. Once acquired, they should be acclimated quickly and fed appropriately, with specific medications added to their diet to promote health.
Daily management includes monitoring feeding behavior, adjusting feed amounts gradually, and ensuring proper water temperature. Shade nets are used in hot weather to keep the water cool. Harvesting methods vary: direct capture is easy for cages and cement ponds, while earthen ponds require careful grass stacking and netting during the feeding season.
This system not only ensures efficient use of space but also maximizes yield and profitability, making it a popular choice among farmers. With proper planning and care, small pond dense culture proves to be a sustainable and rewarding approach to cultivating Astragalus membranaceus.
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