Fish stocking is a crucial step in aquaculture, directly affecting the success of fish farming, as well as its economic and ecological benefits. Proper techniques during this process can significantly enhance survival rates and productivity. Below is an in-depth review of key considerations for fingerling stocking and disinfection.
First, the timing of stocking plays a vital role. Early stocking is often considered one of the best strategies to maximize yields. As the saying goes, “Fish in spring will grow fast, while those in winter may struggle.†Research shows that the period from the winter solstice to the beginning of spring is ideal for releasing fish. This allows them to adapt quickly to their new environment, making it easier to manage through winter and promoting faster growth in spring. In the Yangtze River region, stocking typically occurs before the Spring Festival, while in northern China and the northeast, it's done when water temperatures stabilize around 5-6°C after thawing. Lower temperatures offer several advantages: they reduce fish activity, making handling safer; they limit the spread of pathogens; and they minimize predation by larger fish. Additionally, lower water levels in winter reduce the chance of fish escaping.
Second, the time of day matters. Stocking should be done on sunny days, preferably at noon, to avoid cold or rainy conditions that could harm the fish. For large bodies of water like lakes and reservoirs, it’s best to choose calm periods lasting 5-7 days, allowing fish to gradually adjust before being released.
Third, the location of stocking is equally important. Avoid areas near inlets, outlets, or pumping stations where strong currents might damage young fish. Also, stay away from shallow shores where waves could harm them. Avoid over-concentrating fish in one spot to prevent predators from easily attacking. In low-water seasons, avoid placing fish in shallow or upper parts of rivers to prevent stranding.
Fourth, stocking density must be carefully managed. A reasonable density ensures optimal growth without overcrowding. Factors such as pond size, water quality, fish species, feed availability, and management practices all influence this. While higher densities can increase yield, poor water quality due to overstocking can lead to low oxygen levels and toxic build-ups, which harm fish health and reduce production.
Fifth, disinfecting fingerlings is essential to prevent disease. Even healthy fish may carry pathogens, so using appropriate disinfectants is crucial. Common options include bleach, potassium permanganate, salt, and Weikang. Weikang, approved by the EPA, is particularly effective against various pathogens and safe for both fish and the environment. It should be used at a concentration of 10-30 ppm for 10-30 minutes. When applying any disinfectant, follow instructions carefully, use non-metal containers, and ensure the water temperature is suitable. Always monitor fish during the process and avoid overexposure.
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