At present, in the production of laying hens, how to achieve less input and more output, reduce the cost of raising chickens, and raise the economic efficiency of raising chickens is a prominent issue that breeders of chickens are most concerned about. Based on the practice of chicken production in recent years and the investigation of raising chickens, combined with years of experience and experience, the author proposes several technical measures that should be carefully implemented to improve the benefit of the feeding cycle of layer chickens:
Buying a good breeder layer
Improve the quality of flock
For a chicken breeder, identifying the breeder strains that feed the layer chickens is one of the important measures to increase the economic efficiency of raising chickens.
In recent years, with the continuous upgrading of laying hens' strains, chicken breeder breeds such as Luoman, Hyland, Yisha and Jingbai are currently welcomed by domestic chicken farmers and chicken farmers. However, it should be noted that in different regions, different species are reared. These carefully cultivated varieties can achieve better results under the corresponding conditions. However, due to the large land area in China, the climate conditions vary from place to place and the environment is different. Different breeds of chickens perform differently in different regions. Therefore, when selecting good breeds, the first thing to do is to choose local breeders with large breeding stocks and good performance in the production of chickens. It is imperative to seek new differences, and fail to understand the local adaptability of the breed.
Secondly, we should purchase chickens that have a certain amount of feeding and good management conditions. Must not be greedy and cheap, buy chicken seedlings that are not breeder-derived and hatched. At the same time, the purchased chicks should be scientifically brooded according to different ages, carefully cultivated, and the male and female groups should be grouped on time to eliminate out-of-growth poor-quality chickens, low-yielding chickens and sick chickens in time.
Scientific feeding management is the key
First, do a good job of brooding and cultivate quality and robust chicks. According to a large number of studies at home and abroad in recent years, the weight of chicks has a strong positive correlation with the main performance indicators of the laying period. Therefore, high temperature brooding must be used during the brooding period. 1 day to 2 days at 33°C; 3 days to 4 days at 32°C; 5 days to 7 days at 30°C; 8 days to 14 days at 28°C; thereafter, 3°C per week until 21 °C. To provide high-quality full-priced feed, ensure the light time, 24 hours a day to 2 days; 3 days to 4 days 22 hours; 5 days to 7 days 20 hours; 8 days to 10 days 18 Hours; 11 days to 14 days of age 16 hours; 15 days of age to 21 days of age 15 hours; after 21 days of age, gradually maintain 8 hours to 12 hours. Also pay attention to ventilation. In the 8th to the 9th day of age, we cut off. According to the epidemic prevention program for immunization and medication prevention.
Second, during the growing period, we must focus on weight control and improve the evenness of the flock. Studies have confirmed that the uniformity of 16 weeks of age is positively related to the persistence and survival rate of laying eggs. During the brooding period, due to the supply of high quality full-priced feed, the chicks are fully developed and have a relatively large body weight. In order to enter the rearing period, it is necessary to control the weight within the scope of the feeding standards and increase the evenness of the flock to more than 85%.
Thirdly, it is necessary to provide a stable production environment during the egg production period to focus on preventing the overweight of the chicken body. Excessive body fat will cause a large amount of fat to invade the gonads, affecting the development of follicles and the secretion of other gonads, which will lead to decreased egg production. Excessive body fat can also cause fatty liver, causing increased mortality in the flock. For this reason, the laying period should also be periodically weighed to determine if the bird's weight is normal. Layer chickens are particularly sensitive to various stress factors outside the world. Once stimulated, stress responses occur, resulting in physiological disorders, decreased egg production, and increased mortality. Therefore, relocation, feed changes, and strong winds must be reduced as much as possible. The effects of stress factors such as cold, heat, ventilation, poor ventilation, light mutations, vaccination, personnel exchanges, and vehicle noise on the chickens provide a quiet, comfortable and stable environment for the chickens to maximize their potential for production.
Scientific lighting management
A good lighting program can promote egg production, increase egg weight, increase survival rate and economic efficiency of raising chickens. Appropriate lighting management is: 24-hour light from day 1 to day 2 in order to facilitate food intake, then gradually switch to constant light or natural light. After entering the breeding period, natural light is used as the main condition, and conditional light can be sealed and shaded with constant light for 8 hours to 12 hours. 18-week-old is given light stimulation for at least 13 hours, and then increased from 15 minutes to 30 minutes to 17 hours every week or every two weeks. If the time of light is increased too quickly, it will cause offensive anal prolapse, licking and other undesirable phenomena. The light intensity of a laying hen house is generally controlled at 10 lux to 20 lux, and the light time and intensity cannot be reduced during the laying period.
Creating a suitable living environment for laying hens
To make laying hens produce more eggs, it is necessary to create a suitable growth and egg production environment for the chickens. According to the changing rules of different seasons, appropriate feeding and management measures should be taken. In the high temperature and high humidity season in summer, attention should be paid to prevent heatstroke, reduce ventilation, maintain dry sanitation, provide adequate clean drinking water for chickens, and increase the amount of vegetables to increase the intake of chickens. . In winter, special attention should be paid to the cold insulation of the chicken house and the artificial supplement lighting. The temperature in the house should be maintained above 13°C, and the light should be heated for 15 hours to 16 hours. The drinking water should be warmed up and not drink cold water.
Feed ring ring fastening
Pay attention to saving feed
The biggest expense for raising chickens is feed. The cost of feed accounts for more than 70% of the cost of chicken farming. Improper feeding and management will inevitably cause a lot of feed waste. According to the author's investigation and the practice of raising chickens, about 5% to 6% of the waste is caused by adding too much feed, and about 10% to 12% of the unscientific wasted feed is designed and installed in the feed trough. Rats, finches, and insects account for approximately At 7%, the loss of chickens is about 5%. Measures to reduce feed wastage:
Firstly, the installation height, depth and length of the feed trough must be changed according to the different ages of the laying hens and the cage density. The amount of feed fed can not exceed 1/3 of the trough depth, and less feeding should be added to reduce the feed trough. In the tank leftovers, the feed rate is determined by the egg production rate. When the egg production rate is generally 50%~60%, the daily feeding amount of each chicken is about 95g~100g, and the egg production rate is 60%~70%. When the daily feeding amount is 105g to 110g, the egg production rate is 70%, the daily feeding amount of the chicken is 115g to 120g, and when the egg production rate reaches 80% or more, the feed is not limited, so that the chicken can feed freely.
The second one is broken. Because chickens have the habit of eating fruit, they should be chopped up at the age of 7 to 9 days. By the age of 15 weeks, repairs must be carried out to those who are severely disabled.
Third, timely elimination of chickens that do not produce eggs or have poor egg production performance. When the nursery is completed and transferred to the egg-laying house, a phase-out should be carried out. All stunted, too small, too fat, sick, lack of energy should be eliminated. During the egg production process, swaddling chickens, diseased chickens, disabled chickens, and discontinued chickens should be eliminated at any time. After entering the stage of laying eggs, the main discontinuation chickens are eliminated. The hens with crowns, pale faces, and shrunken crowns should be eliminated immediately. Fatty, overly-lean chickens should also be eliminated immediately.
Scientific formulation of layer diets
Improve feed utilization
The feed formulation is unscientific and affects feed utilization. The first is that dietary nutrition is not comprehensive, resulting in excess nutrients and wasted, too little and under-nutrition, which affects the egg production rate. Second, local feed ingredients should not be adjusted at any time in line with local conditions and feed costs should be increased. The third is that they cannot meet the energy and nutrient requirements of chickens in different egg production seasons. For example, the metabolic energy of summer feed formulas is lower than that of winter formulas, otherwise it will not only waste feed but also affect the chicken's metabolism and feed intake. Therefore, adopting a scientific diet formula is an important measure to increase feed remuneration.
Pay attention to chicken disease prevention
Reducing dead chickens and eradicating the outbreak is the key to the success of chicken farming. According to the scientific epidemic prevention program to control the occurrence of chicken disease, according to different ages of chickens, respectively, a variety of vaccine injections, while the chicken house, utensils to take regular drug disinfection, timely removal of fecal stools, the chicken house around to do rodents To prevent rats and sparrows from entering the house to bring pathogens. In order to reduce the chance of transmission of the epidemic, the entry and exit of people should be minimized. Strangers should not be permitted to enter the coops and visits should be refused to ensure the safety of the farm.
Careful attention to savings
It is necessary to fully utilize chicken manure to feed pigs, feed fish, or ferment and then feed chickens to reduce feed costs. At the same time, maintenance and conservation of cages, utensils and containers should be done to extend the service life and reduce the cost of raising chickens. Get a higher cycle of chicken economic benefits.
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