First, the rotation of peas is the most categorical problem. When continuous cropping, pests and diseases are intensified, production is reduced, and quality is reduced. Because pea roots can secrete a large amount of organic acids, increase soil acidity, affect the development of pea rhizobial bacteria the following year. Therefore, there is a farmland that can only be planted for one year, and it should be planted at least 4 to 5 years apart. Among them, white peas are even more arbitrarily contaminated than purple peas, and the rotation period is longer. The requirement of peas for the previous crop is that the field is clean and free of weeds. Therefore, the top pods are preferably cultivators, such as cereal crops.
Second, the roots of peas in soil preparation are weaker than other edible beans and their root groups are smaller. Deep plowing and loosening the soil properly will enable the pea roots to develop, be neat and emerge, and have strong seedlings and increased resilience. The climate in North China is cold, and peas are used in spring sowing. After harvesting, the former crops were chopped and weeded and then deep-turned. In the spring of the second year of the spring, the surface of the soil is thawed.
Third, sowing peas should be selected seeds before sowing. When the amount of seed is small, it can be used for particle selection. When the amount of seed is small, it can be used for screening or salt water selection. Attention should be paid to the elimination of insect-injured grains and incomplete grains. Dryer air can be used to heat treat seeds where conditions permit. The processing temperature is 30 to 35°C. Through the heat treatment, the seed can be cooked and the dormancy period can be ended. Where the conditions are not available, drying seeds for 2 to 3 days before planting also has the effect of increasing seed germination rate and germination potential.
The north-central province of our province was sown in the middle and early March. Peas are more resistant to low temperatures. Seedlings have very little frost response. Early sowing can make full use of spring soil moisture, which is beneficial to seed emergence. Seeding is generally used drill or hole sowing. The spacing of the vines and drills is about 30 centimeters, and the distance between caves is 20 to 30 centimeters. 2 to 4 seeds per hole. The seeding rate is 7.5 to 10 kilograms per mu. If it is an upright variety, the seeding rate can be increased. The sowing depth is about 5 centimeters, which can be properly deepened in drought, but the maximum depth should not exceed 8 cm.
Fourth, field management
1. cultivator soil. Peas are prone to grass shortage during the seedling period and must be cultivated and weeded 2 or 3 times. The first cultivator is usually conducted when the plant height is 5 to 7 cm, and the second cultivator is performed when the plant height is 10 to 15 cm, and the soil is used in combination. The third cultivator should be based on the growth of peas. In the late period, the stems and leaves are luxuriant, and the cultivators tend to damage the plants, and the weeds must be removed manually for a long time.
2. Take a trip. Cultivated peas must be erected when the plant height is about 30 centimeters. Otherwise, the vines lying on the ground are not only inconvenient for field management and harvesting, but also the lower stems and leaves are easily rotted and cause diseases. After racking, it was well ventilated and light-transmissive. The vines were stout, the basal rot was reduced, and the pods were full. The granules were full and the yield could be increased by more than 1 time. The farmer said, "A pea is a stick and a pea is about 10 jins." Some varieties require a topping at a plant height of 30 cm to promote growth and increase flowering and seed setting. The tender tips removed are also available for vegetable consumption.
3. Fertilization. Fertilizer peas should be based on basal fertilizer. In addition to applying compost and manure, more phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, such as grass ash and bone meal, should be applied. If you can use Rhizobium seed dressing when sowing, the effect is better. Rhizobium leguminosa can fix nitrogen, so it is not necessary to apply more nitrogen fertilizer; however, in the seedling stage and in the absence of soil fertility and lack of base fertilizer, a small amount of available nitrogen fertilizer can be applied to promote multiple stems and leaves. Peas need to use more phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. Phosphate fertilizer can promote the ripening of pea seeds, and can also improve its softness. Peas have a high utilization rate of insoluble phosphate fertilizer, and have a significant effect of increasing production after application; superphosphate can also be applied. Pea was sprayed with phosphate fertilizers outside the roots during flowering and podging, especially spraying boron, manganese, molybdenum and other trace element fertilizers. The effect of increasing yield was very significant.
4. Irrigation. Peas are poor in drought tolerance and should be irrigated during growth to keep the soil moist. If drought occurs after sowing, it must be quickly watered to facilitate seed germination and emergence. More water is needed during flowering and poding.
V. Prevention of pests and diseases
1. Pea rust. Symptoms are small round brown spots on the stems and leaves of the diseased plants, which turn black afterwards.
Control methods: Remove weeds, pick up diseased leaves. In the onset period, 0.5:1 or 1:1 Bordeaux mixture was sprayed once every 7-10 days, and sprayed 2 or 3 times with good control effect.
2. Pea brown spot. Symptoms are brown spots on the stems and leaves or on the pods, surrounded by purple, and later turned dark brown.
Control methods: use disease-free seeds; apply more potassium or lime; spray Bordeaux fluid and so on.
3. Pea white astringent disease. The leaves of the diseased plants showed white patches that gradually spread throughout the entire leaf surface.
Control methods: timely drainage; use of plant ash or lime; sunny lime spray sulfur mixture control.
4. Pea locust. Pea locust is very common in many areas. It sucks the nutrients of pea plants and causes the plants to grow poorly. In particular, pod damage occurs after the pod damage, and the yield is reduced. Tobacco lime spray control is generally used in production.
5. Peas. Peas are the most important pests of peas. Its adult black-brown or gray-brown small beetle spawns on the soybean meal when the soybean meal is about to mature. After hatching, it lays in the grains, destroys the seeds, and cannot be seeded. The flour production rate is also greatly reduced. Peas are like one generation in a year. They use adults to get through the winter, resume their activities in the spring of the following year, and continue to fall into the fields. They are scattered in the fields and it is difficult to control them. However, peas have habits lurking inside the grains. Treating the seeds immediately after harvest is the most effective way to prevent peas.
Sixth, harvest
Since the ripening period of peas is very inconsistent, the harvest time should be decided according to the different ways of pea consumption. Generally, grain peas are harvested 15-18 days after flowering, when the grain is full. The production of dry peas 70% to 80% when the yellow beans are harvested, it is best to dry in the morning or in the evening, so as not to knock down the grain.
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