The northwest China region summarized traditional techniques of agricultural cultivation and water conservation as “early ploughing, deep plowing and mulching, overburdening at the bottom of the river, consuming a little waste with the rear rakes, rolling in winter and preventing run-off, and timely sowing of frozen locustsâ€. . Operation points: 1. Early ploughing and deep ploughing: When we plowed early, we said that before the arrival of rain in summer, we must first plough the land and loosen the soil. The loose soil can accelerate the rain and seep into the deep layer and store the precipitation in the rainy season. The Chinese farmer had long said: A bowl of water in Futian plowed land, plowed half a bowl of water in the fall, and there was no water in the spring. Since the soil usually forms a plough bottom layer at a depth of about 18 to 20 centimeters for long-term cultivation, deep plowing is suitable for depths of 24-36 centimeters. In fertile soils, deeper soil layers can be used for deeper plowing. Infertile soils and thin soil layers can be properly plowed slightly. Under normal circumstances, it is better to deep-plow once every three years. Deep plowing should be combined with the addition of organic manure, ground, alfalfa land and Pingtian soil preparation, so that the soil blocks will be finely crushed, loose and soft, and the effects of deep plowing will be consolidated and improved. 2. In a timely manner: Refers to compacting the plough layer by means of rakes, rakes, and pressures to loosen the topsoil, reduce evaporation, and preserve earthworms. Working methods and time can be divided into four types: The first kind of potential ploughing the land before and after the depression. After the cultivating in summer, the land is weathered, weathered and weathered. After raining, the land is harvested in time, the plowing and ploughing are carried out in the autumn and the land is plowed, and the white ploughs are ploughed and formed on the ground. Soil tillage. The second is to smash the ground 1-2 times before entering the winter and before freezing in the spring, so as to ensure the safety. The third kind is after the sowing, and after the seeds are sown, most of the crops are planted on the side except for millet and flax. The fourth type is before and after emergence. Before the emergence of the crops, it rained in a timely manner, breaking the knot, protecting the earth with smashed soil and keeping the seedlings. No matter what kind of land you should pay attention to. Diagonal earthworms should be used to keep a certain angle with the plows and rakes. Do not work in parallel to achieve the purpose of smashing soil, flat land, and light pressure. 3, winter and spring rolling: Rolling and cracking is the use of gravity on the surface of the soil farming measures, can be broken soil to protect soil, mentioning soil. To ensure the effect of rolling, it is necessary to pay attention to the time, number of times, farm implements, and methods. The first is the time when the summer crops were beaten before the broadcast. The first time before the winter, the soil in the field was frozen for noon. The second time it was beaten before sowing. In addition to grinding before the broadcast, the plough was crushed and ground before the autumn crop was sown. Milled green seedlings at seedling stage. With the combination of 耖, 耙, and 耱 打 碾 碾 碾 碾 碾 秋 秋 秋 秋 秋 秋 秋 秋 秋 秋 秋 秋 秋 秋 秋 秋 秋 秋. Followed by the number of times, generally playing 1 times, clods and large, serious drought will need to play 2 times. The third is agricultural tools. The peasants have roller mills, rib rollers, cement roll v-type ballasts, and modified ring rollers. The fourth is the method. The order of large scales for different drawings should be first rolled sand. Ploughing, grinding, young seedlings, squaring and autumn crops are only used to grind small and medium-sized mills with light weight. Sandy soils are better, and cohesive soils, dried and soiled soils are compared with edge milling. Good; Drought is severely used. The combination of the ground and the raft is more effective. In the large and large plots of land, after the raking, it is repeated again and again. 4. Timely early sowing: In early spring temperatures, the soil gradually thaws, the evaporation gradually increases, the soil moisture is mainly moved to the surface by the capillary water and gasification, so that the surface soil remains moist, the soil moisture content is approximately 19%, due to the spring dry With windy conditions, the soil water consumption is very fast and the dry soil layer is gradually thickened. Therefore, spring wheat should be sowed in the soil during the appropriate sowing period.
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