In the process of building a new rural area, many farmers have started planting fruit trees in their courtyards. This not only enhances the beauty of the environment but also provides an effective way to boost household income. However, due to limited knowledge and technical skills, the yield is often low, and the economic benefits are not as expected. Therefore, when planting fruit trees in the garden, several key factors should be carefully considered.
First, it's essential to choose local fruit tree species that are well-suited for courtyard cultivation. There are numerous types of fruit trees, including peaches, plums, persimmons, jujubes, pears, chestnuts, and more. Each type has specific environmental needs. For example, pears and chestnuts require deep, loose, fertile soil for optimal growth, while persimmons should not be planted in dry or infertile areas. Different fruit trees also have varying requirements for sunlight, temperature, water, and nutrients. Pears and grapes are cold-tolerant, while peaches and plums thrive in sunny conditions. Some trees, like bayberries, prefer shade, so it’s important to match the right species with the garden's layout and conditions.
Second, a scientific layout is crucial. In sunny areas facing the house, you can plant peaches, plums, or bayberries. Along the sides of the house and behind it, pears, persimmons, chestnuts, and jujubes are good choices. On balconies, windowsills, and rooftops, small potted plants such as kumquats, grapes, and dwarf peaches can be grown. It’s also important to mix early, mid, and late-season varieties to ensure a continuous harvest throughout the year.
Third, ensuring adequate light and ventilation is vital. Fruit trees in courtyards often suffer from poor lighting and airflow due to nearby buildings and dense foliage. This can lead to excessive vegetative growth and reduced fruiting. To address this, remove obstacles blocking sunlight and air circulation. Prune branches to improve internal and external airflow, allowing light to reach all parts of the tree. This helps increase photosynthesis, supports fruit development in young trees, and improves yields in mature ones.
Fourth, proper pollination is necessary for high productivity. Most fruit trees have low self-pollination rates, so it’s important to plant compatible pollination trees. For instance, pears, plums, and peaches require cross-pollination, and some like bayberries are dioecious. When planting these, select varieties with good compatibility, high yield, strong disease resistance, and similar flowering periods. Avoid mixing incompatible species, such as pears with peaches or cypress trees, which may hinder pollination.
Lastly, pest and disease control is essential. Garden-grown fruit trees are often intercropped with vegetables, making them more susceptible to pests and diseases. Regular inspections during autumn and spring are necessary to detect and destroy eggs or larvae. Fallen leaves should be removed promptly and disposed of properly. In winter, pruned branches and stems should be collected and treated to eliminate overwintering pests. Using cotton balls soaked in insecticides in tree holes can help prevent infestations.
By following these practices, farmers can significantly improve the health, yield, and profitability of their garden fruit trees.
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